A Custom CDF Version 20 with TAIR-based gene definitions was applied for array annotation (51 (link)). Raw intensity values were RMA background corrected and quantile normalized. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes using SAS JMP10 Genomics, version 6, from SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). A false-positive rate of a = 0.05 with FDR correction was taken as the level of significance. Venn diagrams were created with the public available analysis tool of the Bioinformatic & Evolutionary Genomic server (
GSEA was performed by using the fgsea package (52 ) for R v3.4.0 (53 ). Pathways belonging to various cell functions were obtained from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (