Ammonium acetate

Reference standards (n = 21, purity ≥ 98%) (AMI, CIT, CLO, DES, DOX, FLX, FLV, IMI, MAP, MIA, MIR, MOC, NOR, OPI, PAR, PRO, SER, TIA, TRA, TRI, and VEN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US = Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The isotope-labeled standard (purity ≥ 98%) FLX-d5 and SER-d3 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, VEN-d6 (0.1 mg/mL in methanol) from LoGiCal (LGC, Luckenwalde, Germany). Ammonia solution 25% and ethyl alcohol 96% were obtained from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). Methanol and acetic acid glacial (anhydrous for analysis, EMSURE^®) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonium acetate was obtained from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Surfactant Triton^TMX-114 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

Pure standards of tributyltin chloride TBT (96%), triphenyltin chloride TPhT (95%) and internal standard deuterated tributyltin chloride–d27 TBT-d27 (96%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC gradient–grade methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid 98% were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Quechers salts: Magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland), trisodium citrate was purchased from Avantor (Gliwice, Poland) and disodium citrate was purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, US). Sorbents, silica functionalized with primary–secondary amine (PSA) and octadecyl groups were purchased from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Certificated Reference Material BCR^® 646 was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Millipore water purification system (MiliQ, Billerica, MA, US) equipped with UV-lamp (resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm (at 25 °C) and a TOC value below 5 ppb).

GEN (purity ≥98%) was provided by Xi’an Tian Guangyuan Biotech Co. (Shenyang, China). Lysine (LYS; purity ≥98%), arginine (ARG; purity of 99%), α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), type I α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in lyophilized powder form (≥10 units/mg protein), acarbose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, neocuproine (purity ≥98%) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tryptophan (TRP; purity >98.5%), tyrosine (TYR; purity >98%), glutamine (GLU; purity >98.5%) were delivered from TCI Chemicals (Portland, OR, USA), and ammonium acetate pure from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Methanol (HPLC grade), ethanol, and copper (II) chloride dihydrate pure were provided by POCH (Gliwice, Poland). Acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sodium hydroxide were supplied by Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). All reagents for the PAMPA assay (GIT lipid solution, Prisma HT, and Acceptor Sink Buffer) were purchased from pION (Forest Row, East Sussex, UK). Direct-Q 3 UV Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA) purification system was utilized to prepare water of both high and ultra-high pure quality.

Following materials were used in study: ε-caprolactone (purity 97%, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) dried over calcium hydride caprolactone (purity 97%, Sigma Aldrich), distilled under reduced pressure prior use, stored under reduced pressure, lamivudine–secondary pharmaceutical standard (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), tin 2-ethylhexanoate (purity 92.5–100% Sigma Aldrich), Poly(vinyl alcohol) (31 kDA, degree of hydrolysis 86.7–88.7%, Roth, Zielona Góra, Poland), dichloromethane (purity 98.5%, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), methanol (purity 99.5%, Chempur), CDCl₃ (purity 100%, Sigma Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran (purity 99.8%, Chempur), polystyrene standards (Sigma Aldrich), acetonitrile (purity 99.9%, Sigma Aldrich), ammonium acetate (purity 97–100%, Chempur), glacial acetic acid (purity 99.5%, Chempur), sodium hydroxide (purity 98%, Chempur), hydrochloric acid (purity 99.9%, Chempur), polysorbate 80 (pharmaceutical grade, Biochemia Stosowana, Poznań, Poland), polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (PGHE) (pharmaceutical grade, Crode, Gouda, Netherlands), polystyrene standards (analytical standard grade, Sigma Aldrich).

The following reagents were used for the mineralization of lyophilized biomass, fruiting bodies, and media: 65% HNO₃ Suprapur^® and 30% H₂O₂ Suprapur^® from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Bioelement content standards (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn) of 1 g/L concentration were purchased from the District Measurements Office (Łódź, Poland). Artificial digestive juices were prepared using the following: HCl and pancreatic extract from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); bile salts and pepsin from BTL (Łódź, Poland); CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ from Chempur (Kraków, Poland); NaCl from Pol-Aura (Dywity, Poland); NaHCO₃ from PPH Golpharm (Kraków, Poland); and Na₂HPO₄, KHCO₃, K₂HPO₄, and citric acid from Avantor Performance Materials Poland (Gliwice, Poland). HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography)-grade standards of cordycepin, lovastatin, ergothioneine, L-phenylalanine, sterols, and indole and phenolic compounds were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical-grade methanol, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and ammonium acetate were purchased from Chempur (Gliwice, Poland). HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and KH₂PO₄ were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water (quadruple-distilled) with a conductivity of less than 1 µS/cm was obtained using an S2-97A2 distillation apparatus from Chemland (Stargard, Poland).