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8 protocols using fluorchem hd2

1

Influenza Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting

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Proteins were extracted from the same samples harvested for viral RNA quantification, above. Extractions from buffer RLT were performed using the iced acetone method described by the manufacturer (Qiagen). Proteins were separated by denaturing SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred to PVDF (Pall Corp., Pensacola, FL). Immunoblotting was performed with monoclonal antbody to influenza NP (AA5H; AbCam, Cambridge, MA) or anti-M1 polyclonal (a kind gift of Dr. Adolfo García-Sastre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), and peroxidase conjugated secondary antiserum. Blots were imaged with Supersignal substrate (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA), on a Cell Biosciences FluorChem HD2. Consistent loading was monitored by Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (Amresco, Solon, OH) staining of the post-transfer gel.
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2

Ibrutinib-Induced BCR Signaling and Apoptosis Analysis

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Cell lines treated or non-treated with ibrutinib were harvested and lysed using RIPA buffer (Cat No. 9806, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail tablets (Cat No. 04693124001, Roche, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) to get the protein in total cell extracts. Then equivalent amounts of protein were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on which separating gel contained 4-15% acrylamide (Cat No. 456–1083, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Cat No. IPVH00010, Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) and probed with appropriate primary and secondary antibodies mentioned above to study the BCR signaling pathway and apoptosis-related protein. ECL select western blotting detection reagent (Cat No. RPN 2235, GE Healthcare, Little Chalfront, Bukinghamshire, UK) was used for detection on a Fluor Chem HD2 (Cell Biosciences, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
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3

AMPK and FOXM1 Signaling in PDAC Cells

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MiaPaCa-2 PDAC cells (1×106) were plated to 80% confluency in 60 mm dishes and then serum-starved for 5 hours. Stimulations with Mito-CP or Mito-CP-Ac were performed in serum-free medium. After stimulation, cells were washed twice in cold PBS and lysed using a modified RIPA buffer. Lysates were normalized for protein concentration, size separated using reducing SDS-PAGE, electro-transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore) and then probed using primary and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Antibodies against total or phosphorylated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Forkhead box M1(FOXM1) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA) and used at the manufacturer’s recommended dilutions. Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence with auto-exposure and quantified by densitometric analysis using the FluorChem HD2 from Cell Biosciences (Santa Clara, CA). The optical densities of protein bands detected in immunoblots from independent experiments were obtained by densitometry.
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4

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis

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Cells were plated to 80% confluency in 60 mm dishes and then starved 24 hours for transfected cells or 5 hours for stimulated cells. Stimulations were performed in serum-free medium and inhibitors placed on cells 1 hour before stimulation. After stimulation, cells were washed twice in cold PBS and lysed using a modified RIPA buffer. Lysates were normalized for protein concentration, size separated using reducing SDS-PAGE, electro-transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore) and then probed using primary and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence with auto-exposure and quantified by densitometric analysis using the FluorChem HD2 from Cell Biosciences (Santa Clara, CA). The optical densities of the proteins in immunoblots from independent experiments were obtained by densitometry.
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5

Quantitative HOXA11 Protein Analysis

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The whole protein extracts from the tissue samples were prepared using a PRO-PREP lysis buffer (#17081, iNtRon Biotechnology, Seongnam, Korea), and the protein concentrations were determined using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay (#23227, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). The proteins were separated using 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by blotting onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probing with the antibodies against HOXA11 (#SC-48542, 1:500 dilution, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). The blotted membranes were then incubated with the goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody for 1 hour. Subsequently, the membranes were incubated in an Amersham ECL-prime solution (#RPN2232, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA) in the dark for 1 minute and exposed under FluorChemHD2 (Cell Biosciences, Santa Clara, CA) for visualization. Only the samples with a consistent result from repeated experiments were selected for analysis. The densities of the bands were measured using free image analyzer software (ImageJ V1.8x, National Institutes of Health, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/). The results are presented as the mean±standard error of mean calculated from independent samples.
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6

Western Blot Quantification Workflow

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Blots were detected by SuperSignal West Dura Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo, 34075), imaged by FluorChem HD2 (Cell Biosciences) and quantified on AlphaView (ProteinSimple) or ImageJ. After background subtraction, band intensity was normalized to housekeeping protein (β-tubulin or actin accordingly). Individual values were then normalized to the geometric mean of the litter so that unpaired statistical tests can be performed. For every western blot band that was quantitated, we ensured that the signal was not saturated using tools available with the AlphaView software.
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7

Protein Extraction and Western Blotting

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For protein isolation, cells were sonicated in 100 µl cold 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) containing protease inhibitor (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Western blots were performed as previously described [67 (link)], and the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C (S6). Chemiluminescence was detected using a FluorChem HD2 camera with the FluorChem software (Cell Biosciences, Santa Clara, CA). Band intensities were quantified using NIH Image J64 software and normalized relative to GAPDH.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of AKT and PTEN Signaling

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Whole protein extracts of the cells for western blotting were prepared using PRO-PREP lysis buffer (Intron, #17081), and protein concentrations were determined using the BCA protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #23227). Proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, and then probed with antibodies against total AKT (Genetex, #GTX121937, 1:3000 dilution), phosphorylated AKT (Genetex #GTX61708, 1:2000 dilution), total PTEN (Genetex, #GTX101025, 1:500 dilution), and phosphorylated PTEN (Genetex, #GTX61780, 1:1000 dilution). The membranes were then incubated with a goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Jackson, #003318367, 1:4000 dilution) for 1 hour. The membranes were incubated in ECL-prime solution (GE Healthcare Amersham, #RPN2232) in the dark for 1 minute and then exposed under a fluorchemHD2 (Cell biosciences) for visualization.
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