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19 protocols using sf buffer

1

Quantification of dsRNA in Electroporated BHK-21 Cells

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BHK-21 cells [American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, CCL10] were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gemini, #100-106), MEM nonessential amino acids (Gibco, #11140050), and penicillin/streptomycin/glutamine (Gibco, #10378016). BHK-21 cells were electroporated in strip cuvettes with 3 μg of RNA per 106 cells using SF buffer (Lonza) and 4D-Nucleofector. At 20 hours after electroporation, cells were removed from wells by incubation with trypsin-EDTA solution and washed in PBS containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The cells were stained for dsRNA using the J2 anti-dsRNA Ab (Scicons, #10010500) conjugated to R-PE using a Lightning-Link R-PE conjugation kit (Innova Biosciences). After staining, cells were evaluated on a ZE5 Cell analyzer (Bio-Rad) and the data were analyzed using FlowJo 10 (Tree Star, Ashland, OR).
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2

BCL6 Silencing in DLBCL Cells

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DLBCL cells (3 × 106 to 5 × 106) were transfected with 1 micromolar siRNA for BCL6 (siBCL6-1 HSS100968 Life Technologies, siBCL6-2 SI00311129 Qiagen, siBCL6-3 SI0031143 Qiagen and siBCL6-4 SI0031150 Qiagen) or control (GFP targeting siRNA) using 96-well electroporation (SF buffer, Lonza).
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3

Genetic Modification of 293T Cells

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293T cells were transduced at a low MOI (<0.3) with a lentivirus expressing BFP under the control of an EF1α promoter (Addgene #71825) and sorted by flow cytometry to produce a pure population of BFP-expressing cells. One day post-AAV transduction, 2 × 105 cells were resuspended in 20 µl SF buffer (Lonza) and nucleofected with 10 µl sgBFP RNP and 100 pmol of ssODN donor, using program DS-150 on a Nucleofector 96-well Shuttle system (Lonza). Cells were then transferred to a 12-well plate containing pre-warmed medium, and grown for 4 days. BFP and GFP fluorescence were measured by flow cytometry on a BD Fortessa, and the results were analyzed using FlowJo v10 software.
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4

Genetic Modification of Plasmodium Sporozoites

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Oocysts (1.25 × 107 per transfection) were excysted as described above, and sporozoites were pelleted by centrifugation and resuspended in SF buffer (Lonza) containing 50 μg of tagging or targeting plasmids and 30 μg CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid in a total volume of 100 μl. The mixtures were then transferred to a 100-μl cuvette (Lonza) and electroporated on an AMAXA 4D-Nucleofector system (Lonza) using program EH100. Electroporated sporozoites were transferred to cold DPBS and kept on ice before infecting mice.
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5

Targeted Genomic Editing by sRGN3.1 and T428

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Forty-nine sites containing up to five nucleotide substitutions from the T428 target sites were selected for analysis. The homozygous IVS40 293FT cell line (2 × 105 cells) was transfected with 2 µg of a plasmid carrying sRGN3.1 and T428 sgRNA in Lonza SF buffer by nucleofection under Program CM-130, and genomic DNA was extracted 7 days after nucleofection. All the selected sites except one on-target site were successfully PCR-amplified, and indels were analyzed by NGS as described in the section Amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) and NGS analysis.
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6

Genetic Modification of 293T Cells

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293T cells were transduced at a low MOI (<0.3) with a lentivirus expressing BFP under the control of an EF1α promoter (Addgene #71825) and sorted by flow cytometry to produce a pure population of BFP-expressing cells. One day post-AAV transduction, 2 × 105 cells were resuspended in 20 µl SF buffer (Lonza) and nucleofected with 10 µl sgBFP RNP and 100 pmol of ssODN donor, using program DS-150 on a Nucleofector 96-well Shuttle system (Lonza). Cells were then transferred to a 12-well plate containing pre-warmed medium, and grown for 4 days. BFP and GFP fluorescence were measured by flow cytometry on a BD Fortessa, and the results were analyzed using FlowJo v10 software.
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7

Genetic Modification of Malaria Parasites

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The 1 × 108 sporozoites were resuspended in SF buffer (Lonza) containing 50 μg of tagging or knockout plasmids, or 30 μg amplicon DNA, together with 30 μg CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid in a total 200 μl volume. The mixtures were then transferred to a 100-μl cuvette (Lonza) and electroporated on an AMAXA 4D-Nucleofector system (Lonza) using program EH100. Electroporated sporozoites were transferred to cold DPBS and kept on ice before infection. To select transgenic parasites, GKO mice were orally given 8% (wt/vol) sodium bicarbonate 5 min prior infection and then orally gavaged with electroporated sporozoites. Transgenic parasites were selected with 16 g/l paromomycin (Biosynth International, Inc) provided in the drinking water starting at 24 h and continuing ad lib. To amplify transgenic parasites or monitor oocysts burden, NSG mice were administered the fecal slurry containing 2 × 104 oocysts from an infected GKO mouse, and paromomycin drinking water was used for selection immediately after infection. Fecal pellets were collected after 3 dpi and stored at −80 °C for DNA extraction or at 4 °C for luciferase assay or for purification.
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8

Electroporation of ZFL Cells for IFNϕ1 Assay

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ZFL cells were grown to 80% confluency prior to transfection. Cells were washed, treated with trypsin, centrifuged at 90×g for 10 min and resuspended to a final concentration of 2×107 cells/mL in SF buffer (Lonza). Using the 96-well transfection module (Lonza), a total of 500ng DNA was added to 4×105 cells in 20µL and the cells were electroporated using the program EW-158. Cells were then resuspended in 180µL of LDF media in quadruplicate and allowed to recover for 24 h. For reporter assays ZFL cells we re transiently transfected as described above with frm expression vector containing mda5, ΔCARDmda5, or empty vector (250ng) along with 250ng of an IFNϕ1 promoter-driven luciferase reporter (pGL3-IFN) (Sullivan et al., 2007 ) and the Renilla-expressing internal control pRL-CMV (6.25ng) (Promega). After cells were allowed to recover for 24 h , the medium was removed and cells were exposed to SHRV at MOI = 0.1 in MEM for 1 h followed by supplementation with LDF. Dual-luciferase assays (Promega) were performed in triplicate 24 h post infection.
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9

Priming S. rosetta Cells for Nucleofection

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To prime S. rosetta cells for nucleofection, we treated them with a cocktail that removes the extracellular matrix as follows. Aliquots of washed cells were pelleted at 800 g and 22°C for 5 min. The supernatant was gently removed with gel-loading tips and each pellet was resuspended in 100 µl of priming buffer (40 mM HEPES-KOH, pH 7.5; 34 mM lithium citrate; 50 mM l-cysteine; 15% [wt/vol] PEG 8000; and 1 μM papain [Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO; Cat. No. P3125-100MG]). After incubating cells for 30–40 min, 10 µl of 50 mg/ml bovine serum albumin was added to each aliquot of primed cells to quench proteolysis from the priming buffer. Finally, the cells were centrifuged at 1250 g and 22°C for 5 min, the supernatant was removed, and the pellet was resuspended in 25 µl of SF Buffer (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland; Cat. No. V4SC-2960). The resuspended cells were stored on ice while preparing nucleofection reagents.
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10

Caco-2 Cell Transfection with SpCas9 RNP

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For Caco-2 transfection, 10 pmol Streptococcus Pyogenes NLS-Sp.Cas9-NLS (SpCas9) nuclease (Aldevron; 9212) was combined with 30 pmol total synthetic sgRNA (10 pmol each sgRNA, Synthego) to form ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) in 20 μl total volume with SF Buffer (Lonza V5SC-2002) and allowed to complex at room temperature for 10 min.
All cells were dissociated into single cells using TrypLE Express (Gibco), resuspended in culture media and counted. 100,000 cells per nucleofection reaction were pelleted by centrifugation at 200 × g for 5 min. After centrifugation, cells were resuspended in transfection buffer according to cell type and diluted to 2 × 104 cells/μl. Five μl of cell solution was added to preformed RNP solution and gently mixed. Nucleofections were performed on a Lonza HT 384-well nucleofector system (Lonza, #AAU-1001) using program CM-150 for Caco-2. Immediately after nucleofection, each reaction was transferred to a tissue-culture treated 96-well plate containing 100 μl of normal culture media and seeded at a density of 50,000 cells per well. Transfected cells were incubated following standard protocols.
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