Static and dynamic standing postural tasks were created through the use of the Biodex Balance System (950 − 304 System, Japan). The Biodex Balance System provides valid and reliable measures of a participant’s ability to maintain balance on stable and unstable surfaces. The platform stability ranges from 1 to 12, with 12 representing the lowest and 1 the greatest instability level [26 (link)]. Considering the age of participants and preventing them from losing balance or aggravating LBP symptoms, the bilateral stance at the static level and dynamic level of 8 was used for test postural tasks.
Biodex balance system
Manufactured by Mirion Technologies
Sourced in United States
The Biodex Balance System is a laboratory equipment device designed to assess and train balance and postural stability. It features an adjustable balance platform that can measure and record the user's center of balance and sway. The system provides objective data on balance performance for clinicians and researchers to evaluate and monitor balance-related conditions.
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Lab products found in correlation
29 protocols using biodex balance system
1
Postural Balance Assessment on Biodex
2
Evaluating Balance Improvements in Young Handball Players
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This experimental intervention study involved participants recruited among handball players who participated in the Iranian national league (with at least 5 years experiences). The 24 male handball players were randomly and equally divided into experimental (HWP: n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups (Table 1 ). Written informed consent from parents and coaches, as caretakers, on behalf of the minors was obtained. The inclusion criteria consisted of: handball players with an age of between 14–15 years old, 5 years of playing experience, no experience with the FIFA 11+ warm-up or similar exercise and had no previous experience using the Biodex Balance System, free of pain and lower limb injury or neurological impairment at the time of study. Participations were excluded from the study if they were involved in sports such as martial arts or dancing, which may affect balance abilities. Before participation, all procedures were explained to the participants, and they received an illustration of the HWP. Prior to starting the test session, all the players participated in familiarization sessions with balance tests. The procedure of this study was approved by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring, University of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.
3
Assessing Pain, Function, and Balance
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To ensure meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants were interviewed. Meter with precision of centimeter was used to measure the height of participants, digital scale was used to measure body weight of participants (to calculate body mass index [BMI]), the Oswestry pain and disability questionnaire[18 (link)] was used to measure the pain and function, and Biodex balance system was used to measure the balance indices.
4
Effect of Intervention on Postural Stability
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This study was a double-blinded (participants and assessor) randomized controlled trial. The measured outcomes were postural stability indices (measured by a Biodex Balance System) and dynamic stability measured by star excursion balance tests (SEBTs). The outcomes were assessed at two time points: at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.
5
Assessing Balance in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients
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All participants had been diagnosed with hemiplegic stroke through computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging and met the inclusion criteria of 1) standing without assistive devices for 30 seconds and 2) following the instructions to complete the assessments. We excluded all other factors that could have affected balance; the exclusion criteria were 1) medically unstable, 2) mainly cerebellar lesion, 3) visual impairment or neglect, or 4) neuromusculoskeletal diseases that could affect balance. We also excluded patients who had already experienced the Biodex Balance System for balance training. Twenty-nine participants (Functional Ambulatory Category [FAC], 3.4±1.1; Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA] of the affected upper limb, 38±20) met the inclusion criteria and participated in this study with verbal consent. Two of the patients could not finish the dynamic balance test and were thus excluded, ultimately leaving 27 participants in the study.
6
Dynamic Balance Assessment Using Biodex
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Biodex Balance System (Biodex, Inc, Shirley, New York) was used in the study for balance measurement. Antero-posterior (AP), mediolateral (ML) and general (OA) balance indices of the women who were measured were tested dynamically with eyes open. The participants were asked to stand on the platform with eyes open, bare feet, feet as wide as the shoulder, knees bent 15º, arms crossed over the chest and looking opposite. According to the standard software configuration, three trials of 20 seconds each at a stability level of 8 are calculate with 10 second rest between trials. For the trial to be complete, balance needed to be maintained for 20 seconds. Level 8 is the easiest, level 1 is the hardest level. The test can be repeated for eight levels or until the individual reports that he/she tired and do not want to continue. In our study, there was no participant who could complete level 1 and 2. The test started at level 8 for 60 seconds and ended at level 3 for each participant. OA index is accepted as the best indicator for balance skill among the balance indices taken. A high OA index indicates that the loss of balance is high[27 ].
7
Assessing Balance and Mobility in Parkinson's
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Participants were assessed before starting active treatment (pre) and after completing treatment (post). Demographic variables (age, gender, and body mass index [BMI]) were recorded before starting active treatment. The Turkish version of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale‐Motor score (UPDRS‐III) was used to assess the severity of motor symptoms (Akbostancı et al., 2000 ).
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess functional balance (Sahin et al., 2008 (link)). Biodex Balance System (Biodex, Inc.) was used to assess laboratory balance measures consisting of the postural stability (PS) test, limit of stability (LOS) test, and the modified clinical test of sensory integration of balance (m‐CTSIB) (Cachupe et al., 2001 ). m‐CTSIB assesses the sensory integration when one or more senses are compromised, and patients perform this in four conditions; (1) open eyes‐firm surface, (2) closed eyes‐firm surface, (3) open eyes‐foam surface, and (4) closed eyes‐foam surface. Timed Up and Go (TUG) test (Mollinedo & Cancela, 2020 (link)) and G‐Walk sensor system (BTS‐Bioengineering Company) (De Ridder et al., 2019 ) were used to assess functional mobility and spatiotemporal gait analysis, respectively.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess functional balance (Sahin et al., 2008 (link)). Biodex Balance System (Biodex, Inc.) was used to assess laboratory balance measures consisting of the postural stability (PS) test, limit of stability (LOS) test, and the modified clinical test of sensory integration of balance (m‐CTSIB) (Cachupe et al., 2001 ). m‐CTSIB assesses the sensory integration when one or more senses are compromised, and patients perform this in four conditions; (1) open eyes‐firm surface, (2) closed eyes‐firm surface, (3) open eyes‐foam surface, and (4) closed eyes‐foam surface. Timed Up and Go (TUG) test (Mollinedo & Cancela, 2020 (link)) and G‐Walk sensor system (BTS‐Bioengineering Company) (De Ridder et al., 2019 ) were used to assess functional mobility and spatiotemporal gait analysis, respectively.
8
Balance Assessment and Fall Risk Evaluation
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To evaluate the fall risk, participants received baseline and post-treatment assessments using the Biodex Balance System. The FRT is designed to identify potential fallers. This test protocol gives the age-adjusted normative data to assess the patient’s risk of falling. During the test, participants performed three trials of 20 s. Each trial began with an initial platform setting of 6 and ended with 2. Before the first test trial, the screen provided 3 s countdown. Between each trial, participants had 10 s rest. During the rest period, the platform returned to the locked, stable position. In order to perform the test, patients should stand in a comfortable position on the platform bilaterally with feet shoulder-width apart over the midline of the platform. Three test trials were used to avoid excessive balance deviations. Participants were asked to stand without support, look straight and focus on the visual feedback screen. After the test, the results are shown on the screen and compared to the normative data. The patients’ performance is noted as a stability index (SI). Scores higher than normative age values suggest a higher fall risk, indicating balance impairments. Lowering SI after the training program indicates balance control improvement.
9
Lumbar Spondylosis Functional Impairment Assessment
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The data analysis for this study was conducted with the assumption of normal distribution, which was confirmed by performing Shapiro–Wilk tests for normality on the collected data. These tests provided statistical evidence supporting the normal distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were computed for lumbar extensor endurance, functional balance (assessed by the BBS), and limits of stability (measured using the Biodex Balance System) in both the lumbar spondylosis and age-matched healthy control groups. To address the primary research objectives, independent t-tests were employed to compare these measures between the two groups. Additionally, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore potential associations within the lumbar spondylosis group, specifically between lumbar extensor endurance and functional balance, as well as between lumbar extensor endurance and limits of stability. A significance level (alpha) of 0.05 was maintained for all analyses, ensuring statistical rigor. The choice of statistical methods aligned with data distribution characteristics and research objectives, facilitating a comprehensive examination of lumbar extensor function, balance, and stability in individuals with lumbar spondylosis.
10
Dynamic Balance Training for Children
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Children in the study group received dynamic balance training using the Biodex balance system, in addition to traditional physical therapy programme. After familiarization, each child was instructed to stand with both legs on the “locked” platform. The researcher advanced the platform to an unstable state while instructing the child to focus on the visual feedback screen. Arms were free at the side of the body and not grasping handrails. A stability level of 6 was suitable for the majority of the children as a starting training level. Fourteen children were trained starting with a stability level of 8, while 10 were trained starting with a stability level of 6. The transition between levels was based on the progress of balance capability.
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