3 phenyllactic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States

3-phenyllactic acid is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. The core function of 3-phenyllactic acid is as a biochemical reagent for various analytical and research applications.

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6 protocols using 3 phenyllactic acid

Quantification of Phenolic Compounds

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The benzoic acid (≥99.5%), 2,3,4,5,6-D₅-benzoic acid (internal standard, ≥99 atom % D, ≥99%), 3-phenylpropionic acid (phenylpropionic, ≥99%), 3-phenyllactic acid (phenyllactic, ≥98%), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic, ≥99%), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (p-hydroxyphenylacetic, ≥98%), 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (p-hydroxyphenylpropionic, ≥98%), homovanillic acid (≥97%), 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (p-HPhLA, ≥97%), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (99%, contains 1% trimethylchlorosilane), hexane (≥97.0%) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); sulfuric acid, diethyl ether, sodium chloride were Laboratory Reagent grade and obtained from Khimreactiv (Staryy Oskol, Russia).

Pautova A.K., Samokhin A.S., Beloborodova N.V, & Revelsky A.I. (2022). Multivariate Prognostic Model for Predicting the Outcome of Critically Ill Patients Using the Aromatic Metabolites Detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules, 27(15), 4784.

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Antifungal Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

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Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined with serial 2-fold dilutions of ricinoleic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, acetic acid, calcium propionate and sorbic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in 96-well microtiter plates (Magnusson and Schnürer, 2001) . In the MIC assays, the pH was controlled at pH 4.5 by adjustment of the pH of the medium and the stock solutions of antifungal compounds.
Microtiter plates were inoculated with mMRS broth containing 10 4 spores/ mL of A. niger or P.
roqueforti and incubated at 25 °C for 5 days. The MIC was determined as the lowest concentration of compound inhibiting the mould growth. Ethanol, which was used as solvent for ricinoleic acid, was removed by evaporation under a laminar flow hood before the addition of the fungal spores.
A checkerboard procedure (Gänzle et al., 1999) was carried out to determine the combined inhibitory activity of two compounds. The plates were inoculated and incubated at 25 °C for 5 days. The MIC was determined as the lowest concentration of the two compounds inhibiting the mould growth. Experiments were performed in triplicate.

Quattrini M., Liang N., Fortina M.G., Xiang S., Curtis J.M, & Gänzle M. (2019). Exploiting synergies of sourdough and antifungal organic acids to delay fungal spoilage of bread. International journal of food microbiology, 302.

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Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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The FB₁ standard solution (purity > 99%) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The phenolic standards 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 3,4-dihydroxicinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 3-phenyl Lactic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic, sinapic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, and ferulic acid were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lactic acid was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Acetonitrile (ACN) (LC-MS/MS grade), ethyl acetate (EA), formic acid (FA), and methanol (HPLC-MS/MS grade) were obtained from VWR Chemicals (Randor, PA, USA). The deionised water used in chromatography analysis (<18 MΩ cm resistivity) was obtained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The salts, magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄) and sodium chloride (NaCl), were provided from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), and Buffered peptone water (BPW) were purchased from Liofilchem Bacteriology Products (Roseto, Italy). De man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) Broth was obtained from Oxoid (Hampshire, UK).
The Yellow Mustard Flour (YM) (code #106) and Oriental Mustard Flour (OM) (code #107) were provided by G.S. Dunn Dry Mustard Millers (Hamilton, ON, Canada).

Torrijos R., de Melo Nazareth T., Vila-Donat P., Mañes J, & Meca G. (2022). Use of Mustard Extracts Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria to Mitigate the Production of Fumonisin B1 and B2 by Fusarium verticillioides in Corn Ears. Toxins, 14(2), 80.

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Procurement of Phenolic Compounds

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3-phenyllactic acid (α-Hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid), p-coumaric acid (trans-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid), and phloretin (3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All components exhibit a purity of ≥98.0%.

Kassym L., Kussainova A., Semenova Y, & McLoone P. (2024). Antimicrobial Effect of Honey Phenolic Compounds against E. coli—An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceuticals, 17(5), 560.

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Analytical Techniques for Complex Compound Quantification

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Methanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were purchased from VWR (Darmstadt, Germany). Methylglyoxal, ortho-phenylenediamine, 2-methylchinoxaline, gallic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, forchlorfenuron, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone-dimer and Folin–Ciocalteu-reagent were obtained from Sigma Aldrich/Merck (Steinheim, Germany). Formic acid, acetic acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose and LB-broth were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate and disodium hydrogenphosphate were purchased from Grüssing (Filsum, Germany). 3-Deoxyglucosone (3-DG) was synthesized according to Henle and Bachmann (1996) [26 (link)]. Double-distilled water (Bi 18E double distillation system, QCS, Maintal, Germany) was used for HPLC solvents.

Thierig M., Raupbach J., Wolf D., Mascher T., Subramanian K, & Henle T. (2023). 3-Phenyllactic Acid and Polyphenols Are Substances Enhancing the Antibacterial Effect of Methylglyoxal in Manuka Honey. Foods, 12(5), 1098.

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Metabolite Standards Preparation

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All chemicals including metabolite standards (3-phenyllactic acid, gluconic acid, orsellinic acid, D-xylose, D-ribose and D-arabinose) were purchased from either Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or TGI (Kita-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN). Millipore water (Billerica, MA, USA) was used for the preparation of all the media, standards, and sample solutions.

Yao L., Zhu L.P., Xu X.Y., Tan L.L., Sadilek M., Fan H., Hu B., Shen X.T., Yang J., Qiao B, & Yang S. (2016). Discovery of novel xylosides in co-culture of basidiomycetes Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma applanatum by integrated metabolomics and bioinformatics. Scientific Reports, 6, 33237.

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