Dxr smart raman spectrometer

A model of DXR smart Raman spectrometer (Thermo companies in the United States) with a laser wavelength of 633 nm and power of 2.5 mW, a model of the F-7000 Hitachi Fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi Company, Japan), a model of the TU-1901 double-beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Beijing Purkinje General Instrument Co., Ltd., China), a model of FEI 200 FEG field emission scanning electron microscope (Dutch philips), and a model of C-MAG HS7 incubation magnetic stirrer (Germany IKA company) were used.

A model of a DXR smart Raman spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with laser of 633 nm, power of 2.5 mW, collect time of 5 s and slit of 25 μm, a model of F-7000 Hitachi fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi Company, Tokyo, Japan) with volt = 500 V, excited slit = emission slit = 5 nm, emission filter = 1%T attenuator and λ_ex − λ_em = Δλ = 0, and a model of TU-1901 double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Beijing Purkinje General Instrument Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) were used. A model S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used to record the SEM images. A model of JEM-800 H Field emission transmission electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used to record the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy spectrum, with lattice resolution of 0.204 nm, dot resolution of 0.45 nm, acceleration voltage of 200 kV and tilt angle of 25 degrees. A model of C-MAG HS7 Heating magnetic stirrer (IKA Company, Berlin, Germany), Constant temperature magnetic stirrer (Beijing Kewei Yongxing Instrument Company, Ltd., Beijing, China), and KC-6120 Atmospheric sampler (Laoshan Mountain Electronic Instrument Factory Company, Ltd., Laoshan, China) were used.

Raman spectra were recorded on a DXR Smart Raman spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA), equipped with a 15-mW DXR 780 nm laser with a slit width of 25 µm, Raleigh filter, CCD detector and OMNIC software. The measurements were run over the range of 3413–99 cm⁻¹ with resolution of 2 cm⁻¹, at ambient temperature. Exposure time was 1 s (twice).

A model of DXR smart Raman spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) was used with a laser wavelength of 633 nm and a power of 2.5 mW. A model of the F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi Co., Chiyoda-ku, Japan), a model of the TU-1901 double beam UV–vis spectrophotometer (Beijing Purkinje General Instrument Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), a model of FEI Quanta 200 FEG scanning electron microscope (FEI Co., Ltd., Eindhoven, Holland), and a model of SK8200LH ultrasonic reactor (Shanghai Kudos Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) were used.

Raman measurements were performed by using a DXR-Smart Raman Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The experimental set-up was equipped with a Universal Platform Sampling (UPS) accessory. The spectra were acquired using an He-Ne laser source operating at 785 nm, with a power output of 24.0 mW and a full range grating of 400 lines/mm; all the spectra were recorded over the wavenumber range of 50–3300 cm⁻¹, with a resolution of 1.9 cm⁻¹.
The 180-degree sampling accessory was used to carry out the measurements, and two different sample holders were used. In particular, for SLNs and RT-SLNs, which originally appeared already in the form of freeze-dried pellets, a special sample holder was used; instead, RT and Phospholipon^® 80H, originally in the form of powders, and Tween 80, in the form of a viscous liquid, were allocated inside dedicated cuvettes.
In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/R), 64 sample frames with an exposure time of 10 s, for a total acquisition time of 64 s per spectrum, were set before each acquisition.