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11 protocols using cd3 bv650

1

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of CSF Immune Cells

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Flow cytometry was conducted using an LSRFortessa (BD Biosciences). A panel consisting of antibodies conjugated to six different fluorophores was used to classify subsets of memory T cells and for drop-seq. Antibodies used were: CD8α-Pacific blue (BioLegend), CD3-BV650 (BD Biosciences), CD45RA-APC-Cy7 (BioLegend), CCR7–488 (Bio-Legend), IL-7Rα-PE (BioLegend) and CD27-PE-Cy7 (BioLegend). For characterization of CSF cells, this same panel was used, but CD19-PE-Cy5 (BioLegend) and CD14-Qdot-705 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were included. For sorting CSF T cells for TCR plate-seq, the following antibodies were used: CD8α-PE (BioLegend), CD161-PE-Cy7 (BioLegend), CXCR3-APC (BioLegend), CD4-APC-Alexa700 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), CD39-APC-Cy7 (BioLegend), CD38-FITC (BioLegend), PD-1-BV421 (BD Biosciences), CD45RA-BV605 (BD Biosciences), CD3-BV650 (BD Biosciences), CD27-BV786 (BD Biosciences) and CD127-BUV395 (BD Biosciences). For each experiment, a compensation matrix was developed using singly stained and unstained controls or fluorescent beads, and all analysis was conducted in Cytobank.
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2

Multi-parametric Phenotyping of Immune Cells

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After stimulation, cells were washed, stained with LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Near-IR Stain (Invitrogen) and, subsequently, surface stained with the following antibodies: CD14-APC/Alexa Fluor 750 (Invitrogen) and CD19-APC/Alexa Fluor 750 (Invitrogen), CD4-FITC (BD), CD27-BV711 (BD), CCR4-BV510 (Biolegend), CCR6-BV605 (Biolegend), CXCR3-PE-Cy7 (BD Biosciences), KLRG1-PerCP/eFluor 710 (eBioscience), and HLA-DR-PE (BD). Cells were then fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm buffer (BD) and stained with CD3-BV650 (BD), IL-2-PE/Dazzle™ (Biolegend), TNFα-eFluor 450 (eBioscience), and IFNγ-Alexa Fluor 700 (BD). Finally, cells were washed and fixed in 1% formaldehyde in PBS. Samples were acquired on a LSR-II (BD) and analyses were performed using FlowJo (Treestar). A positive IFNγ response was defined as at least twice the background measured in the presence of co-stimulatory antibodies without antigen. Cell polyfunctionality was analyzed using Pestle and Spice software (19 (link)). The gating strategy is presented in Figure S1 in Supplementary Material.
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3

Quantifying IL-9 and IL-33 T Cells in Rhesus PBMCs

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To measure IL-9 and IL-33 expressing T cells, Rhesus PBMCs were stimulated with 50 ng/ml of PMA (cat # 1201/1, Fisher Scientific) and 2.5 μM of Ionomycin in DMEM medium and incubated for 4 h in the presence of GolgiStop (BD-Biosciences) at 37°C. Cells were washed at 350 g for 5 min with MACS buffer (MACS buffer+1% BSA). Cells were stained with live dead stain (cat # L34961, Molecular Probes) and incubated for 20 mins at room temperature. Cells were washed and stained with cell surface markers (CD4-BB790 (BD-custom), CD19-AF700(Beckman Coulter- cat # A78837), CD20-APC-Cy7(BD Biosciences cat # 335794), IgM-BV605 (BD-Biosciences- cat # 562977, CD3-BV650 (BD Biosciences cat # 563916), CD8-BUV496-cat # 564805), incubated for 1 hr. at 4°C. Cells were washed twice with MACS buffer and fixed/permeabilized according to manufacturer’s protocol (BD-Cytofix/Cytoperm Fixation/Permeabilization kit- Cat # 554714). After fixation/permeabilization cells were stained with IL-9-AF647 (BD Biosciences cat # 560813), incubated for 30 min at 4°C, washed twice in BD Perm/Wash buffer and analyzed by flow cytometry.
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4

Multicolor Flow Cytometry for Treg Immunophenotyping

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Multicolour flow cytometry was used to assess the immunophenotype of Tregs. Antibodies against the following molecules were provided by: CD3 BV650 (BD Biosciences), CD8 BV450 (BD Biosciences), CD4 APC-H7 (BD Biosciences), CD25 PerCPCy5.5 (BD Biosciences), CD73 eFluor 450 (eBioscience™), PD-1 BV 650 (Biolegend). Dead cells were stained by LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit (Life Technology). For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using the FoxP3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience), and then stained with FoxP3 Alexa Fluor 488 (eBioscience), IL13-PE (eBioscience) and Granzyme B APC (BioLegend). Appropriate isotype controls were used to set the quadrants and to evaluate background staining. Cells were analysed using an LSRII flow cytometer with BD FACSDIVA software.
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5

Immunoprofiling of Tumor Microenvironment

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Antibodies for immunohistochemical staining: anti-CD8α (D4W2Z, 98941), Foxp3 (D6O8R, 12653S), F4/80 (D2S9R, 70076S), CD206 (E6T5J, 24595S) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). TUNEL Reagent Test Kit (11684795910) was purchased from Roche (Shanghai, China).
Antibodies for Flow Analysis: CD8α-PerCP-Cy5.5 (53–6.7, 561109), CD25-BV510 (PC61, 563037), CD279 (PD-1)-BV605 (RMP1–30, 748267), CD3-BV650 (145-2C11, 564378), IL-10-BV711 (JES5-16E3, 564081), IL-17A-BV786 (TC11-18H10, 564171), CD45-BUV395 (30-F11, 565967), CD366 (Tim-3)-PE (5D12, 566346), STAT3-PE-CF594 (4/P-STAT3, 562673), CD4-PE-Cy7 (GK1.5, 563933), CD206-Alexa Fluor® 647 (MR5D3,565250), F4/80-BV510 (T45-2342,743280) were all obtained from BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA, USA). Foxp3-Alexa Fluor® 647 (150D, 320014), TGF-β1-FITC (TW7-16B4, 141414), Granzyme B-BV421(QA18A28, 396414) were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Fixable viability Dye eFluorTM 780 (65-0865-14) were purchased from eBioscienceTM (San Diego, CA, USA).
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6

Modulating T Cell Activation in CLL

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T cells were magnetically purified from PBMC using a PAN T-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec) from healthy donors. Healthy donor T cells (1 × 105) were then cultured with bead-purified (Miltenyi Biotec) CD19+ B cells from CLL patients (1 × 106) at an optimal 1:10 ratio per well in the presence or absence of CXCL12 (250 ng/ml), lenalidomide (10 µM), CXCR4, or mouse anti-human IL-10 blocking antibodies (2 µg/ml, R&D). Each experiment was performed in duplicate. After 48 h of culture, T cells were magnetically purified again as described above (purity >95%) and activated with anti-CD3/CD28 magnetic Dynabeads (Invitrogen) for 6 h. A negative control (no stimulation) was included in every experiment. Brefeldin A (10 µg/mL) and CD107a PE-CF594 (BD Biosciences) were added to the culture. Cells were stained with a Live/Dead-Aqua (Invitrogen), CD3-BV650, CD8-FITC, CD4-APC-Cy7, fixed/permeabilized (BD Biosciences) followed by intracellular staining with IFN-γ-V450, TNF-α-Alexa 700, and IL-2-PE (BD Biosciences).
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7

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Multiparameter FACS analysis was performed using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) panel to measure activation in blood [18] . The following mAb combinations, relevant for this manuscript, were used: CD45BUV496 (Becton & Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA (BD), cat 741185), HLA-DRBUV805 (BD, cat 748338), CD20V450 (BD, cat 655872), CD16BV605 (BD, cat 563916), CD3BV650 (BD, 563916), CD40BV750 (BD, cat 746948), CD14PE-TxRed (Beckman Coulter, cat B92391), CD123PerCP-Cy5.5 (BD cat 558714), CD86Alexa647 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA, cat 305416), CD1cAPC (Ebioscience cat 17-0015-42). Acquisition was performed on an Aurora flow cytometer (Cytek, Fremont, Ca, USA) and analyzed using FlowJo software. For analysis, the CD45 positive cells with a low side scatter (SSC) profile were first gated and then singlets were selected using a forward scatter (FSC) height versus area plot. Then, HLA-DR positive/CD3, CD20 and CD14 negative cells were selected and CD123 was plotted against CD1c to identify the plasmacytoid DC (pDC)(CD123 positive/CD1c negative) and classical DC2 (cDC2)(CD123 negative/CD1c positive) populations. Expression of CD40 and CD86 was quantified as the mean geometric mean of the fluorescence intensity (MFI).
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8

Isolation and Profiling of Human Skin T Cells

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Primary human T cells (n = 52) were isolated by digestion of fresh human skin biopsies (Ø 6 mm) in RPMI containing FCS, Collagenase type IV (Worthington), and Deoxyribonuclease I (Sigma) at 37 °C overnight followed by dissociation using the gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec). Freshly isolated skin T cells were passed over a cell strainer and directly used for flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric analysis, T cells were stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin (10 ng/ml and 1 µg/ml, respectively) (both Sigma) for 5 h in the presence of Brefeldin A and Monensin (both BD Biosciences). Surface staining was performed at 4 °C and followed by fixation/ permeabilization using the fixation/permeabilization kit (BD Biosciences). Staining of intracellular cytokines was performed at room temperature. Antibodies used were CD3-Bv650 (#563852, clone UCHT1, dilution 1:50), CD4-BV421 (#562842, clone L200, dilution 1:20), CD8-APCCy7 (#557834, clone SK1, dilution 1:20) (BD Biosciences), IL-17A-PeCy7(#512315, clone BL468, dilution 1:20), IFN-γ-PerCPCy5.5 (#506528, clone B27, dilution 1:100), TNF-α-BV510 (#502950, clone MAB11, dilution 1:100) (BioLegend), IL-22-Pe (#12-7229-41, clone 22URTI, dilution 1:20, eBioscience), IL-10-APC (#130-108-135, clone JES3-9D, dilution 1:10, Miltenyi Biotec). Flow cytometry data was analysed and visualized using FlowJo 10.7.1.
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9

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Cell staining was performed using various combinations of the following Abs: CD3-BV650 (BD, clone UCHT1), CD4-BV786 (BD, clone SK3), CD8-APC-H7 (BD, clone SK1), CD103-BV605 (BD, clone Ber-ACT8), CD69-BV421 (BD, clone FN50), CD19-APC-H7 (BD, clone HIB19), CD24-PE (BD, clone ML5), CD27-PE-Cy7 (BD, clone M-T271), CD38-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BD, clone HIT2), IgD-FITC (BD, clone IA6-2), CXCL13-APC (Invitrogen, clone 53,610). Surface staining was performed for 30 min at 4 °C. Intracellular staining was performed by the use of Intrasure kit (BD) according with the manufacturer instructions. Cells were immediately acquired in the BD FACSCelesta flow cytometer and analyzed by the use of BD FACSDiva software (RRID:SCR_001456).
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10

Multiparametric Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles

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Cryopreserved PBMCs were thawed and washed twice with 10 ml of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) buffer (1× PBS containing 2% FBS and 1 mM EDTA) and resuspended in 100 μl of PBS containing Zombie UV LIVE/DEAD dye at 1:200 dilution (BioLegend, #423108) and incubated at room temperature for 15 min. After washing, cells were incubated with an antibody cocktail for 1 hour protected from light on ice. The following antibodies were used: IgD phycoerythrin (PE; Southern Biotech, #2030–09), IgM peridinin chlorophyll protein–Cy5.5 (BioLegend, #314512), CD20 allophycocyanin-H7 (BD Biosciences, #560734), CD27 PE-Cy7 (BioLegend, #302838), CD14 brilliant violet (BV) 650 (BioLegend, #301836), CD16 BV650 (BioLegend, #302042), IgG brilliant UV 395 (BD Biosciences, #564229), CD3 BV650 (BD Biosciences, #563916), CD21 PE-CF594 (BD Biosciences, #563474), Alexa Fluor 488–labeled Beta Spike protein (antibodies-online, #ABIN6963740), Alexa Fluor 647– labeled Omicron Spike protein (Sino Biological, #40589-V08H26), and BV421-l abeled Wuhan Spike protein (Sino Biological, #40589-V27B-B). All antibodies were used as per the manufacturer’s instruction, and the final concentration of each probe was 0.1 μg/ml. Cells were washed twice in FACS buffer and immediately acquired on a BD FACSAria III. FlowJo software v10 (TreeStar Inc.) was used for data analysis.
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