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3 protocols using anti smurf2

1

Quantifying Protein Levels in MEFs

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MEFs grown on six wells were harvested in lysis buffer containing 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl and 1% Triton with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Tissues were minced by a Dounce homogenizer using 1-2 ml RIPA buffer. A total of 30 µg of protein were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. After blocking of the membranes by 5% dry milk/TTBS, membranes were incubated in following primary antibody solutions: anti-Smurf1 (Novus, 1D7); anti-Smurf2 (Abcam, EP629Y3); anti-Smad1 (Cell Signaling, 9743); anti-Smad2 (Abcam, EP784Y); anti-Smad3 (Abcam, ab28379), anti-Smad5 (Abcam, EP619Y), anti-phospho-Smad1/5 (Cell Signaling, 41D10), anti-phospho-Smad2 (Cell Signaling, 138D4); anti-phospho-Smad3 (Rockland, 600-401-919), GAPDH (Santa Cruz, 0411), HSC70 (Santa Cruz, B-6). Protein detection was carried out using HRP-coupled species-specific secondary antibodies and ECL solution, exposed to Hyperfilm ECL.
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2

Regulation of PPARγ by Smurf E3 Ligases

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AML12 cells (ATCC CRL-2254) were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.005 mg/mL insulin, 0.005 mg/mL transferrin, 5 ng/mL selenium, and 40 ng/mL dexamethasone. Hep3B cells were cultured in MEM supplemented with 1% Non-Essential Amino Acids (NEAA) and 10% FBS. Smurf1KO MEFs were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. Primary hepatocytes were isolated by a two-step collagenase perfusion of the liver and cultured as described [45 (link)]. Flag-tagged PPARγ1, PPARγ2 plasmids, and PPRE-Luc reporter plasmids were obtained from Addgene. Flag-tagged PPARγ2ΔPY plasmid was generated using Site Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Agilent Technologies). Myc-tagged Smurf1, Smurf2, and Smurf1CA mutant, HA-tagged Ubiquitin plasmids were described before [13 (link), 18 (link), 46 (link)]. Anti-Smurf1 (Novus, 1D7); anti-Smurf2 (Abcam, EP629Y3); anti-PPARγ (Santa Cruz, sc-7273); anti-PPARα (Rockland, 600-401-4215); anti-PPARδ (ThermoFisher, PA1-823A); anti-HSC70 (Santa Cruz, B-6); Anti-Flag-Peroxidase (A8592, Sigma); anti-HA (Covance, HA11); and anti-Myc (Santa Cruz, 9E10) were used for western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Knockdown experiments were performed using the following siRNAs: siPPARγ (J-040712-05 and J-040712-07, Dharmacon). Validated siSmurf1, siSmurf2 and siNS were previously described [47 (link), 48 (link)].
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3

Western Blotting and Cell Migration Assays

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Western blot analysis. Western blot analysis was performed as described before (27) . Briefly, after incubation with primary antibody anti-SMURF2 (1:250; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-E-cadherin (1:500; Abcam), anti-N-cadherin (1:200; Abcam), anti-vimentin (1:500; Abcam), anti-SNAI1 (1:500; Abcam), anti-TGFB1 (1:800; Abcam), anti-TWIST (1:500; Abcam), anti-ZEB1 (1:500; Abcam), anti-TGFB2 (1:500; Abcam), anti-α-SMA (1:500; Abcam) and anti-β-actin (1:500; Abcam) overnight at 4˚C, IRDye™-800 conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (Li-COR, Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) were used for 30 min at room temperature. The specific proteins were visualized by Odyssey™ Infrared Imaging System (Gene Co., Lincoln, NE, USA).
Migration and invasion assay. For transwell migration assays, 5x10 4 cells were plated in the top chamber with the non-coated membrane (24-well insert; pore size, 8 mm; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). For invasion assays, 1.25x10
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