N methyl 2 pyrrolidone solvent

LiFePO₄ powder, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (Sigma-Aldrich) with a weight ratio of 40:40:20 were mixed thoroughly in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent (Sigma-Aldrich), and the resultant slurry was pasted on commercial carbon paper (Toray Carbon Paper TGP-H-030). The electrode was dried under vacuum at 100 °C overnight and ready for use.

Lignin (alkali, M_w = 10,000), maleic anhydride (MA, pH 0.8), polyacrylonitrile (PAN, M_w = 150,000), 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MEMO, ≥ 97%), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA, M_n = 575), tetrahydrofuran (THF, anhydrous, ≥ 99.9%, inhibitor-free), dichloromethane (DCM, anhydrous, ≥ 99.8%), N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%), hexane (laboratory Reagent, ≥ 95%), 1-methylimidazole (≥ 99%) as a catalyst, and benzoyl peroxide as a photoinitiator were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Materials, which are used to investigate LIB tests: Li metal foil (> 99.9%) as an anode and 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) solution in alkyl carbonates, including ethylene carbonate, dimethylcarbonate, and diethylenecarbonate, EC/DMC/DEC = 1:1:1 (v/v/v) as a liquid organic electrolyte. The slurry was prepared to obtain LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathode by following chemicals: LFP powder as an active material, conductive acetylene black (AB, MTI, Richmond, CA, USA) and a binder poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF, Kynar, HSV900, Richmond, USA) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent (NMP, > 99.5% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, Netherlands) with the mass ratio of 8:1:1, respectively. The Celgard 2400 commercial separator with a thickness of 25 μm was provided by Celgard company.