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5 protocols using nd2o3

1

Fabrication of Nd-doped Perovskite Solar Cells

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Nd2O3 (99.5%) was purchased
from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. PEDOT:PSS (Clevios
PH1000) was purchased from Heraeus Precious Metals North America.
PEO (with a molecular weight (Mw) of 500
g mol–1) was purchased from Scientific Polymer Inc.
PC61BM (99.5%) was purchased from Solenne BV. Lead iodide
(PbI2, 99.999%, beads), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), ethanol (CH3CH2OH, 99.5%), anhydrous chlorobenzene (CB, 99.8%), and
anhydrous toluene (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals
were used as received without further purification. Methylammonium
iodide (CH3NH3I) and LiSPS were synthesized
in our labortary.18 (link),19 (link) NdCl3 precursor solution
was prepared by adding Nd2O3 into HCl (37% w)
with an accurate stoichiometric ratio and then accompany with the
addition of DMF solvent. The Nd-doped PbI2 precursor solution
was prepared by mixing NdCl3 precursor solution with 0.87
M PbI2 in DMF with the fixing molar ratio of Nd to Pb equal
to 0.5%.
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2

Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles

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All chemical reagents used are analytical grade without any further purification, including polyethylene glycol (PEG500) which was purchased from Beijing Chemical Corporation, Beijing, China. Lanthanide oxides of Gd2O3 (99.99%), Yb2O3 (99.99%), Er2O3 (99.99%), and Nd2O3, (99.99%) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Cyclohexane, n-hexane, hydrochloric acid (HCl), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), 1,4-dioxane, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and the glutaraldehyde were obtained from Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China. Oleic acid (OA, technical grade), 1-octadecene (ODE, technical grade), Polyethylenimine (PEI, mw = 1800), indocyanine green (ICG), Glycerol, calcein AM, and propidium iodide (PI) were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich, United States.
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3

Synthesis of Polyimide Resin with Nd2O3

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In this work, the main monomers used for the synthesis of polyimide resin including 2,2’-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMBZ, 99.95%), 2,3,3,4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (α-BPDA, 99.95%), and 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (PEPA, 99.95%) were purchased from Changzhou Sunlight Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China, and ethanol (AR) was brought from Beijing Chemical Works, Beijing, China. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) pattern of the neodymium oxide (Nd2O3, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) particles is shown in Figure 1.
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4

Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles

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Hexaammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), Er2O3 (99.99%), Nd2O3 (99.99%), Gd2O3 (99.99%), Yb2O3 (99.99%) and sodium fluoride (NaF) were acquired from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Oleic acid (OA), 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 1-octadecene (ODE), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), l-ascorbic acid, disodium maleate, doxorubicin (DOX), propidium iodide (PI), calcein AM, and methoxy PEG silane (Mw = 2000) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) were acquired from the Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Manganese(ii) sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4·H2O), trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH), and sodium trifluoroacetate (CF3COONa) were acquired from the Beijing Chemical Reagent Co. All of the chemical reagents used in this work were of analytical grade without further purification.
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5

Solid-State Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Ceramics

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BiT-based ceramics, BiT, BiT-A (A = Bi, La and Nd), BLT and BiT-Nb, were prepared by using traditional solid state reaction. Appropriate amounts of starting materials [Bi2O3 (99.5%), TiO2 (99.99%), La2O3 (99.99%), Nd2O3 (99.99%), and Nb2O5 (99.99%); Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, CN] were mixed and milled in ethanol for 24 h. The mixtures were dried and then calcined at 800 °C for 4 h. The calcined powders were remilled in ethanol for 24 h, dried, ground and cold isostatically pressed into pellets at 300 MPa. The pressed pellets were then sintered at 980–1000 °C for 2 h.
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