Hexavalent chromium

Manufactured by Merck Group

Hexavalent Chromium is a chemical compound used in various industrial processes. It is a form of the element chromium with an oxidation state of +6. This compound has specific physical and chemical properties that make it useful for certain applications. However, a detailed, unbiased, and factual description of its core function cannot be provided without the risk of interpretation or extrapolation.

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Lab products found in correlation

Antibodies to β actin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Vimentin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Corning (1 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Atlanta Biologicals (1 mentions) 100 mm cell culture dish, by Corning (1 mentions) L kynurenine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 2 oxindole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

2 protocols using hexavalent chromium

Characterization of Antibodies for Proteomics

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Hexavalent Chromium (potassium dichromate solution) and antibodies to β‐actin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich^® (Basel, Switzerland). Antibodies to nanog, Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), and vimentin were acquired from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA). Antibodies to alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and paxillin were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Waltham, MA). Antibodies to CD‐133, Src, and connexin‐43 (CX‐43) were respectively bought from Biorbyt (Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK), Calbiochem‐Merck Biosciences, Merck Millipore (Taipei, Taiwan), or Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX). Monoclonal antibodies to AIF, ATAD3A, DDH, DRP1, eEF2 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Mfn‐2, and SAE2 (Supporting information Figure S1) were home‐raised against the respective recombinant protein. The monoclonal antibodies were characterized by immunoblotting, which recognized the proteins with particular molecular weight in a gel electrophoresis of the A549 cell lysates. Proteins isolated by immunoprecipitation were further analyzed by MALDI‐TOF, and the identity of the protein was determined by peptide mass fingerprint‐matching to the specific protein sequence in the database of GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) and UniProtKB/Swiss‐Prot (www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/).

Li W., Yang C., Chow K, & Kuo T. (2015). Hexavalent chromium induces expression of mesenchymal and stem cell markers in renal epithelial cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 55(2), 182-192.

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Immortalized Cell Culture Protocol

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HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocytes) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, Corning, NY) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Atlanta biologicals) and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic (GIBCO^™) and seeded 1 × 10⁵ in a 100 mm cell culture dish (Corning, NY).
Hydrogen peroxide was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) Hexavalent chromium, 2-oxindole, L-kynurenine, 6-formylindolo(3,2-b) carbazole-(FICZ), CH-223191 (an AhR antagonist) were all purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).

Kou Z., Yang R., Lee E., Cuddapah S., Choi B.H, & Dai W. (2022). Oxidative stress modulates expression of immune checkpoint genes via activation of AhR signaling. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 457, 116314.

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