C-Fos is regarded as a marker of neuronal activity, and immunohistochemical detection was performed following the procedure described in Immunohistochemistry, using a mouse monoclonal anti-c-Fos primary antibody (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, United States, cat# sc-8047), followed by a goat anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated to Cy3 (1:500, Jackson ImmunoResearch, PA, United States, cat# 115-165-003). Immunohistochemistry detection of NPY was performed using a rabbit anti-NPY polyclonal antibody (1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom, cat# ab30914), and was followed by incubation of a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (FITC, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom, cat# ab6717).
Quantification of colocalization of c-Fos and NPY positive cells was processed according to the means described above. This calculation was based on the number of co-localized c-Fos and NPY cells divided by the total number of NPY positive cells.