Indeno 1 2 3 cd pyrene ip

Standards of tocopherols, phytosterols and squalene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Triacylglycerols were obtained from J&K Scientific (Beijing, China). Target standard compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, dissolved in acetonitrile, 200 μg/mL), including benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo(b)fluoranthene BbFlu, benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkFlu), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenzo(a.h)anthracene (DBahA), benzo(g.h.i)perylene (BghiP), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemical solvents were of HPLC grade. Commercial detection kits of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).

Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were purchased from PromoCell and grown in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and Antibiotic–Antimycotic (1:100, Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA). When a confluence of 80–90% was reached, the cells were washed with PBS, and were treated with Pan3CSK4 (5 μg/mL, Invivogen), poly (I:C) (20 μg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 10 μg/mL, Invivogen), Flagellin (200 ng/mL, Invivogen), R848 (5 μg/mL, MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), IFN-γ (50 ng/mL, PeproTech, Cranbury, NJ, USA), IL-4 (50 ng/mL, PeproTech), IL-5(50 ng/mL, PeproTech), IL-6 (50 ng/mL, PeproTech), IL-8 (100 ng/mL, PeproTech), IL-13 (50 ng/mL, PeproTech), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP, 10 nM, Sigma-Aldrich), and multiple concentrations of IL-1α (PeproTech) as noted, respectively. In some experiments, cells were pre-incubated with DEXamethasone (DEX, Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h.