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10 protocols using glutamic acid d5

1

Plasma Metabolomics Analysis Protocol

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Plasma samples for metabolomics were acquired at baseline, 1 h from the start of the clamp and 20 min after the last infusion (50 ng adrenaline kg−1 min−1) using containers containing heparin. Plasma samples (30 μl) were mixed with 400 μl methanol, 10 μl internal standard mixture succinic acid-d4, glutamic acid-d5, valine-d8 and heptadecanoic acid-d33, Sigma Aldrich, USA), and incubated on ice for 30 min. Samples were then centrifuged (10,000 g, 3 min, 4°C), and 180 μl of the filtered extracts were evaporated to dryness and derivatised. A detailed description of the process has been presented previously [13 (link)]. A 7250 GC/Q-TOF instrument (Agilent, USA) equipped with a Gerstel MPS autosampler (Gerstel, Germany) was used to analyse the samples. Features from the quantitative ion peak areas of the data were matched against mass spectral libraries (in-house library, Fiehn library [14 (link)], GOLM DB [15 (link)], GNPS [16 (link)], HMDB [17 (link)] and MassBank Japan [18 (link)]).
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2

HPLC-MS Chemical Standards Protocol

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water were purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Morristown, NJ). The mass spectrometry grade formic acid and internal standards, including N-acetyl L-aspartic acid-d3, L-tryptophan-15N2, sarcosine-d3, glutamic acid-d5, thymine-d4, gibberellic acid, trans-zeatin, jasmonic acid, 15N anthranilic acid, and testosterone-d3, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO). The ESI-L Low Concentration Tuning Mix (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) was used to calibrate the mass spectrometer.
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3

Comprehensive Metabolite Analysis by HPLC-MS

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade ammonium acetate from Sigma, acetonitrile, methanol, chloroform, and water were procured from Burdick & Jackson (Morristown, NJ). Mass spectrometry-grade formic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO).) Metabolite standards and internal standards, including N-acetyl Aspartic acid-d3, tryptophan-15N2, sarcosine-d3, glutamic acid-d5, thymine-d4, gibberellic acid, trans-zeatin, jasmonic acid, 15N anthranilic acid, and Testosterone-d3, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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4

Metabolite Extraction and Quantification

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HPLC grade ammonium acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, chloroform, ethanol, hexane, and water were procured from Burdick & Jackson (Morristown, NJ). MS grade formic acid, standard compounds and isotope labeled standards, including N-acetyl aspartic acid-d3, tryptophan-15N2, sarcosine-d3, glutamic acid-d5, thymine-d4, gibberellic acid, trans-zeatin, jasmonic acid, 15N anthranilic acid, and testosterone-d3, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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5

Comprehensive Metabolomics Analytical Protocol

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Sources for reagents were: HPLC-grade acetonitrile and water (Burdick & Jackson); mass spectrometry-grade formic acid and ammonium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich); calibration solution containing multiple calibrants in a solution of acetonitrile, trifluroacetic acid, and water (Agilent Technologies); metabolite standards and internal standards, including N-acetyl Aspartic acid-d3, Tryptophan-15N2, Sarcosine-d3, Glutamic acid-d5, Thymine-d4, Gibberellic acid, Trans-Zeatine, Jasmonic acid, 15N Anthranilic acid, and Testosterone-d3 (Sigma-Aldrich).
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6

HPLC-MS Metabolite Quantification Protocol

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile, methanol and water were purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Morristown, NJ). Mass spectrometry grade formic acid and internal standards namely, Tryptophan-15N2, Glutamic acid-d5, Thymine-d4, Gibberellic acid, Trans-Zeatin, Jasmonic acid, Anthranilic acid, and Testosterone-d3 were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich (St.Louis, MO). The calibration solution containing multiple calibrants in acetonitrile/trifluroacetic acid /water was purchased from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA).
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7

Metabolomic Analysis using LC-MS

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile, methanol and water were purchased from Burdick & Jackson, NJ. Mass spectrometry grade formic acid was purchased from Sigma- Aldrich, (St Louis, MO). Internal standards namely, [15N]2-Tryptophan, Glutamic acid –d5, Gibberellic acid, Jasmonic acid, Thymine-d4, and Zeatine, were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich, (St Louis, MO). Another internal standard, [15N] Anthranilic acid was purchased from Cambridge Isotope, (Tewksbury, MA). The calibration solution containing multiple calibrants in acetonitrile/trifluroacetic acid/water was purchased from Agilent Technologies, (Santa Clara, CA). The metabolomic analyses of all samples were executed using the protocol described previously [21 (link), 27 (link)–31 (link)]. The raw data (LC-MS output) was normalized using internal standards.
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8

HPLC-Based Quantification of Metabolites

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Reagents such as acetonitrile, methanol and water for high-performance liquid chromatography were purchased from Burdick and Jackson. Formic acid and internal standards, which included a mixture of Jasmonic acid, [15N]2-Tryptophan, Thymine-d4, Glutamic acid-d5, Gibberellic acid, Trans-Zeatin, [15N]-Anthranilic acid and Testosterone-d3, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. For UDP-N-Acetyl glucosamine quantification, [13C]6 N-acetyl glucosamine was used as an internal standard and the calibration curve for quantification was generated using the purified metabolite purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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9

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling Approach

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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade ammonium acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, chloroform and water were procured from Burdick & Jackson (Morristown, NJ). MS grade formic acid, standards and internal standards, N-acetyl aspartic acid-d3, tryptophan-15N2, sarcosine-d3, glutamic acid-d5, thymine-d4, gibberellic acid, trans-zeatin, jasmonic acid, anthranilic acid-15N, and testosterone-d3, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Mixture of LPC 17:0/0:0, PG 17:0/17:0, PE 17:0/17:0, PC 17:0/17:0, TAG 17:0/17:0/17:0, SM 18:1/17:0, MAG 17:0, DAG 16:0/18:1, CE 17:0, ceramide 18:1/17:0, PA 17:0, PI 17:0/20:4, and PS 17:0/17:0. were obtained from Avanti polar lipids (USA) (Supplementary Table S1).
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10

Metabolomic Profiling of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

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Using mass spectrometry, 48 metabolites were measured and compared between children with active EoE and unaffected controls.
Metabolites and internal standards, including N-acetyl aspartic acid-d3, [15N]2 Tryptophan, Glutamic acid-d5, Thymine-d4, Gibberellic acid, Trans-Zeatine, Jasmonic acid, [15N] Anthranilic acid, and Testosterone-d3, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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