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17 protocols using sensation cardiac 64

1

Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging of the Abdomen

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All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scanning with a 64-slice CT scanner (Siemens
Sensation Cardiac 64; Siemens, Forchheim, Germany). The scanning parameters were as
follows: tube voltage, 120 kV; tube current, 220-250 mA; slice thickness, 5 mm. Patients
held their breath for scanning in the supine position. The scanning area extended from the
diaphragm to the lower edge of the kidney. After acquisition of an unenhanced scan, 90 mL
nonionic contrast material of iodine (iopromide, Ultravist 370; Bayer Schering Pharma,
Berlin, Germany) was administered into an antecubital vein at a rate of 3.0 mL/s using a
power injector. Corticomedullary phase, nephrographic phase (NP), and EP CT images were
acquired 30, 90, and 300 seconds after contrast injection, respectively.
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2

Coronary CTA Imaging Protocol

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Coronary CTA was performed with electrocardiographic-gated prospective or retrospective gating on ≥64 detector row scanners (Siemens Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Discovery HD 750, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI, USA; Revolution CT 256-row, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI, USA) in accordance with the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) guidelines [22 (link)]. Oral, and, when needed, intravenous, beta-blocker was administered to achieve a target heart rate (HR) of 60 bpm. Sublingual nitroglycerin 0.4–0.8 mg was given approximately 5 min prior to contrast administration. CTA datasets were interpreted using a commercially available dedicated workstation (Aquarius 3D Workstation, TeraRecon, San Mateo, CA, USA). Lesions with 30–90% diameter of stenosis were considered of indeterminate hemodynamic significance. Subtotal and total occlusions were classified as ≥90% and 100%, respectively. A coronary lesion with ≥50% diameter of stenosis was considered obstructive on coronary CTA alone. Coronary vessel branches for the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries were categorized according to the SCCT guidelines [23 (link)].
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3

Coronary CTA Imaging Protocol for Stenosis

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Coronary CTA was performed with electrocardiographic gated prospective or retrospective gating on ≥64 detector row scanners (Siemens Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, Pennsylvania; Discovery HD 750, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA; Revolution CT 256-row, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA) in accordance with the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) guidelines [13 (link)]. Oral, and when needed, intravenous beta-blocker was administered to achieve a target heart rate (HR) of 60 beats per minute (bpm). Sublingual nitroglycerin 0.4-0.8 mg was given approximately 5 minutes prior to contrast administration. CTA datasets were interpreted using a commercially available dedicated workstation (Aquarius 3D Workstation, TeraRecon, San Mateo, CA, USA). A coronary lesion with ≥50% diameter of stenosis by the interpreting physician was considered obstructive on coronary CTA [14 (link)–16 (link)]. Coronary vessel branches for the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries were categorized according to the SCCT guidelines.
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4

HRCT Imaging for Respiratory Evaluation

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HRCT was undertaken on a multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) scanner (Sensation Cardiac 64; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) or Brilliance iCT SP (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). Inspiratory and expiratory HRCT images were acquired using volumetric acquisition in the craniocaudal direction. CT parameters were 64 detectors ×0.5-mm collimation, a gantry rotation time of 0.33 s, and a pitch of 0.9-1.45 depending on the machine used. Before CT, each patient was taught the technique for deep inspiration and breath-hold and how to carry out dynamic forced expiration throughout the scan. End-inspiratory CT images were obtained first using the tube potential of 120 kVp and the tube current-time product of 70–180 mAs. Dynamic forced expiratory CT was done subsequently and coordinated with the onset of the expiratory effort using the tube potential of 100 kVp or 120 kVp and the tube current-time product of 40–100 mAs. Images were retro-reconstructed with a section thickness of 1 mm and section interval of 0.7 mm and with low-and high-spatial-frequency algorithms for mediastinal window (window level, 40 HU; window width, 400 HU) and lung window (window level, −650 HU; window width, 1450 HU) displays, respectively.
Two thoracic radiologists, who were blinded to the diagnosis and clinical data, reviewed HRCT images independently.
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5

Diagnostic Protocol for Acute Pulmonary Embolism

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APE was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of contrast filling defects in pulmonary arteries on helical computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). CTPA images were obtained with a commercially available helical CT scanner (Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany; Light Speed QX/I, GE Medical systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) according to the standardized APE protocol of our institution. The APE protocol requires injection of contrast material at rates of 4 mL/sec, total 70 to 80 mL of contrast agents, a section thickness of 3 mm or less, and the use of bolus tracking software for optimal opacification of pulmonary arteries.
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) was diagnosed according to the consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Heart Federation Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction [14 (link)]. Acute NSTEMI was defined as acute MI without ST segment elevation on electrocardiography at presentation. Infarct-related arteries were identified using a combination of electrocardiographic findings, left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography, and coronary angiographic findings.
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6

Multimodal Imaging of Liver Steatosis

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Non-contrast chest CTs were obtained in the supine position in a single breath-hold on several CT platforms (Lightspeed Ultra, Lightspeed VCT, Discovery CT750HD, and Revolution, GE Healthcare; Somatom Definition Flash, Somatom Definition AS, Sensation Cardiac 64, and Force, Siemens Healthineers) using clinical acquisition protocols: 100 or 120 kVp, 106–663 mA, 0.600 mm (Siemens), 0.625 or 1.25 mm (GE) collimation, slice thickness 1.00–3.00 mm, and reconstruction kernels of B40f for Somatom Definition AS and Sensation Cardiac 64, I31f for Somatom Definition Flash, and standard for all GE scanners. Liver attenuation on CT was measured in HU on mediastinal window settings (width 350 HU; level 25 HU).
Multichannel MRI systems were used for all patients (1.5T: Avanto, Aera, and Sonata, Siemens Healthineers; and Signa HD and Optima 450w, GE Medical Systems or 3T: Skyra and Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthineers; and Discovery 750, GE Medical Systems) [27 ]. The liver MRI sequences and acquisition parameters followed clinical protocols. T1WI in- and out-of-phase imaging was performed in all cases and used to calculate the fat fraction percentage (FF).
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7

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Segmentation

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We have tested Cross-Net on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) segmentation dataset provided by Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge. AAA dataset consists of CT and MR scans of twenty-one anonymous patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm recruited from Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China. This study was approved by the review board of Changhai Hospital and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. All patients enrolled into this study were imaged by contrast enhanced CT angiography on a multi-slice CT scanner (Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens, Germany). MR scans were obtained using Siemens Skyra 3T Machine. For our experiments we use T1 sequence of the MR image. For CT images, axial view images are segmented into five different classes, namely Aorta wall, lumen, thrombus, calcium deposits and irrelevant parts as background. Currently for MR images, the axial view images are segmented into four classes excluding calcium deposits. Figure 1 illustrates this segmentation task. Ground truth segmentation is provided for each scan image by radiologists and cardiovascular specialists.
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8

Preoperative Chest CT Imaging Analysis

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All preoperative chest CT images were nonenhanced and acquired by one machine (Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany). All CT examinations were performed with the following parameters: 120 kVp; pitch, 1.2; 100–200 mAs; a 512 × 512 matrix, a B30f reconstruction kernel, 5‐mm reconstruction increments, and section thicknesses of 5 mm; voxel sizes ranged from 0.54 to 0.79 mm in the X and Y directions. Two radiologists with more than 5 years of experience blinded to the EGFR mutation status interpreted all CT images. The following characteristics should be identified: ground glass opacity (GGO), lobulation, spiculation, pleural retraction, and the air bronchogram sign. If the two radiologists disagreed, the final decision was made after analysis by another senior radiologist.
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9

Low-resolution cCT Imaging in Vivo

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In vivo low-resolution cCT was performed after 4, 6 and 12 weeks at the Department of Radiology at the Medical University of Graz, using a Siemens Sensation Cardiac 64 CT device (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The operating voltage was set to 120 kV and 35 mA, which results in a combined dose of 13.42 mGy and a resolution of 0.6 mm per voxel. Acquired data was qualitatively investigated using MIMICS® software (version 21.0; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium).
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10

MDCT Examinations on Multiple Scanners

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Baseline MDCT examinations were performed on five different scanners in the same hospital (Brilliance 64 and iCT 256, Philips Healthcare; Somatom Definition AS+, Definition AS, and Sensation Cardiac 64, Siemens Healthineers), with or without administration of oral (Barilux Scan, Sanochemia Diagnostics) and intravenous contrast medium (IVCM; Imeron 400, Bracco). Post-contrast scans were acquired in either arterial or portal venous phase, triggered by a threshold of CT attenuation surpassed in a region of interest (ROI) placed in the aorta, or, alternatively, after a delay of 70 s, depending on the clinical indication for CT. Imaging data was acquired in helical mode with a peak tube voltage of 120 kVp, a slice thickness of 0.9 to 1 mm, and adaptive tube load. Sagittal reformations with a slice thickness of 2 or 3 mm were reconstructed using a standard bone kernel and used for VF detection (35 (link)).
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