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Anti pecam 1

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Anti-PECAM-1 is a laboratory reagent that specifically binds to the PECAM-1 (Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) protein. PECAM-1 is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion. The Anti-PECAM-1 reagent can be used for the detection and study of PECAM-1 expression in various cell types and tissues.

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16 protocols using anti pecam 1

1

Cell Adhesion Molecule Analysis

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Acetate sodium (NaAc), cholesterol (Chol), pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and other important chemicals prepared for buffers were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The antibodies, such as anti-integrin β2, anti-integrin α4, PSGL-1, anti-PECAM-1, anti-αV, anti-TLR4 anti- Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and anti- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), were bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Sanit Cruz, CA). The reagents for cell culture were obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD) and Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Angiogenic Markers in Neuropathic Pain

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The ipsilateral cortex of sham and CCI injured animals (3 and 7 dpi) was homogenized in radio-immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and benzonase nuclease (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA) and mixed by rocking at 4°C for at least 15 min. After the tissue was centrifuged, the supernatant was collected and the samples were diluted and standardized to protein concentrations. Protein samples were separated on 8% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. The membranes were then blocked with 5% milk in 0.1 M phosphate buffer with 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 h at RT and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies. The membranes were then incubated for 1 h at RT with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA). Bands were visualized using SuperSignal substrate (ThermoScientific, Pittsburg, PA). The following primary antibodies were used: anti-VEGFR-2 1:200 (Cell Signaling, 2479L), anti-PECAM-1 1:100 (Santa Cruz, SC-1506), anti-VE-Cadherin 1:200 (Santa Cruz, SC-28644) and anti-β-tubulin 1:30,000 (Sigma-Aldrich, T4026), all diluted in 5% milk. ImageJ was used to perform density analysis. Protein measurements were standardized to β-tubulin and normalized to average WT sham signals.
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3

Quantifying Post-Ischemic Angiogenesis in Mice

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Mouse adductor and gastrocnemius muscles were obtained 3 weeks after hind limb ischemia surgery and fixed with 4% (wt/vol) paraformaldehyde in PBS for 3 h and transferred to 30% (wt/vol) sucrose overnight. Then, the samples were embedded in OCT compound, frozen, and serially sectioned (6 μm). Cross-sections were prepared for immunofluorescence analysis. Capillary density, vascular smooth muscle cells/pericytes, and macrophages were determined by immunostaining using anti-PECAM-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-NG2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and anti-F4/80 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) antibodies, respectively. The secondary antibodies were goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated antibodies (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen). Images were captured with a fluorescence microscope (Leica). Numbers were quantified in 5 microscopic fields in each of 3 cross-sections of each implant using ImagePro Plus software.
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4

HUVEC Cell Culture and Pharmacological Evaluation

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The HUVEC line EA.Hy926 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). HUVECs were cultured with complete culture medium (RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicilin–streptomycin, 1% glutamine) and maintained at 37°C with 5% CO2. Trypsin-EDTA was used to passage cells. All above agents were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, New York, USA).
DTX was purchased from Xieli Pharmaceutical (Chengdu, China). CCK-8 kit and Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection kit were purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Shanghai, China) and KeyGEN Biotechnology (Nanjing, China), respectively. Anti-proliferative cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) and anti-p53 were obtained from Proteintech Group (USA). Anti-β-actin, anti-GAPDH, anti-PECAM-1 and anti-integrin β1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (California, USA). Anti-VE-cadherin, anti-FAK, anti-pFAK, anti-Rho, anti-ROCK, anti-MLC2 and anti-pMLC were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-p190 RhoGEF was purchased from Bioss (Beijing, China). Y-27632 was purchased from Selleck chemicals (USA). HRP-conjugated and FITC/PE-conjugated anti-mouse/rabbit/goat secondary antibodies were obtained from Biosynthesis Biotechnology (Beijing, China).
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of Vascular Markers

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Antigen retrieval was done in the same manner as IHC described above. After pretreatment, sections were blocked with 5% normal goat serum in T‐PBS for 1hr at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies diluted in T-PBS: anti-Cav-1 (BD Biosciences, 610057, 610059), anti-phospho-eNOS (Abcam, ab195944), anti-eNOS (Santa Cruz, sc654), anti-phospho-Akt1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9018), anti-alpha-actin (Abcam, ab5694), anti-vWF (Abcam, ab11713), anti-PECAM-1 (Santa Cruz, sc1506) or with isotype-matched primary antibodies serving as negative controls. Secondary reagents were Alexa Fluor conjugated antibodies (488 and 568) from Life technologies used at 1:250. Sections were stained with SlowFade® Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Life Technologies). Digital fluorescence images were captured and intensity of immunoreactive signal was measured using Image J software (NIH, Bethesda, Maryland). Intensity of merge signal was determined by applying a color threshold selective for yellow signal. For each antibody, standard quality control procedures were undertaken to optimize antigen retrieval, primary antibody dilution, secondary antibody detection, and other factors for both signal and noise.
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6

Antibody Validation for Protein Analysis

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The primary antibodies used were obtained from the following companies: anti-alpha-fetoprotein Ab-2 (1:100 for immunohistochemistry, 1:1000 for Western blotting; RB-365) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, anti-EGF receptor (1:1000, 610017) from BD Biosciences, anti-actin (1:10000, A2066) and anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (1:1000, 05-797R) from Sigma-Aldrich, anti-ERK1/2 (1:1000, 9102) from Cell Signaling Technology, anti-VEGF Ab-1 (1:1000, RB-222) from NeoMarkers, and anti-PECAM-1 (1:250, sc-1506) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The secondary antibodies used were Cy3-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:500, 111-165-003) from Jackson ImmunoResearch, Alexa Fluor 633–conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG (1:1000, A21082) from Invitrogen, Cy3-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (1:500, 115-165-003) from Jackson ImmunoResearch, HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:1000, AP124P) from Millipore, HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000, 111-035-144) from Jackson ImmunoResearch, and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1:1000) from Chemicon.
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7

Quantifying HUVEC Surface Protein Expression

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Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were grown in 8-well chamber slides (Ibidi, USA) for 3 days prior to incubat with 20 μg/ml of anti-NS1 mAbs or irrelevant anti-E mAb (4G2) for 1 h on ice. Rabbit anti-human CD31 or anti-PECAM-1 (1:10 dilution, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) was used as positive control of endothelial cell surface staining11 (link),13 (link). After washing three times with DMEM containing 2% FBS, cells were incubated for 30 min on ice with goat anti-mouse IgG or anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (1:500 dilution, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Hoechst 33,342 (1:1000 dilution, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for staining of nuclei. Stained cells were visualized and imaged with a Carl Zeiss LSM800 with Airyscan confocal microscope. The fluorescence intensity of staining (Alexa Fluor 488) on the cell surface for each clone was determined using Zeiss microscopy Zen imaging software. The fluorescence intensity of the specific protein signal was normalized by nuclear staining intensity from the entire area of each captured image.
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8

Histopathological Examination of Wound Healing

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Samples were isolated from animals 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days post-wounding for histopathological examination. The skin specimens were immediately fixed in formal alcohol until processed133 (link),134 (link). Each specimen was then dehydrated and embedded, and thin sections (3 μm) were prepared. For immunohistochemistry, tissue sections were processed and stained with the following primary antibodies (anti-PECAM-1 and anti-CCL2) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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9

Histological and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Tissue

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Samples were harvested from the induced membrane and local fascia (control) during the second stage surgical procedure. Specimens were approximately 10 × 30 mm in size, with 10 × 20 mm of this used for histology and IHC. After harvest, all specimens were rinsed in PBS and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 48 to 72 hours, depending on the thickness of the sample, at 4°C. Tissue samples were decalcified in 10% EDTA for 10 days on a shaker at room temperature, before being embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 μm. The samples were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome to determine tissue morphology. IHC was performed using anti-CD68 antibody (1:100, ab955, Abcam plc, Cambridge, UK), anti-PECAM-1 (1:100, sc-376764) or anti-VEGF (1:200, sc-7269) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX). Antigens were retrieved using Proteinase K and the sections were incubated in primary antibody dilutions overnight at 4°C. The Mouse and Rabbit Specific HRP (ABC) Detection IHC kit (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO) in combination with the ImmPACT NovaRED Peroxidase (HRP) Substrate (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA) was used for antibody detection before the sections were counterstained with 10% hematoxylin.
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10

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Markers

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Tumours were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 4-μm tumour sections. We used the automatic Bond III system and Bond Polymer Refine Detection (DS 9800; Leica Biosystems). Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubation with peroxide block solution. The primary antibodies used were anti-Hif-1α (ab8366, AbCam), anti-Ki-67 (clone MIB-1, Dako) and anti-PECAM1 (CD31; Santa Cruz biotechnology).
Micro-vessel density was evaluated with anti-PECAM1 using the method of Weidner et al.52 (link). Micro-vessel density score was calculated as the mean of five areas. Proliferative activity was evaluated with anti-Ki-67. The percentage of positive tumour cells was calculated using four fields. All specimens were examined blindly by two pathologists.
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