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11 protocols using l name hydrochloride

1

Vascular Reactivity Protocol

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L-NA hydrochloride, ACh chloride, diethylamine NONOate diethylammonium salt, CGRP (8–37), TTX, L-NAME hydrochloride, 7-NI, 1400W, phentolamine, apocinin, allopurinol, lucigenin, tiron, tempol and DAF-2 (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) were used. Stock solutions (10 mmol/L) of drugs were made in distilled water, except for NA, which was dissolved in a NaCl (0.9%)-ascorbic acid (0.01% w/v) solution. These solutions were kept at -20°C and appropriate dilutions were made in KHS on the day of the experiment.
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2

Preparation of Drug Stock Solutions

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L -NA hydrochloride, ACh chloride, diethylamine NONOate diethyilammonium salt, 8-37 CGRP, rat CGRP, TTX, L -NAME hydrochloride, phentolamine, and suramin were from Sigma-Aldrich, Spain. Stock solutions (10 mmol/L) of drugs were made in distilled water, except for NA, which was dissolved in a NaCl (0.9%)-ascorbic acid (0.01% w/v) solution. These solutions were kept at –20 °C and appropriate dilutions were made in KHS on the day of the experiment.
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3

Vascular Reactivity Assay Protocol

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The drugs used were: acetylcholine (ACh) as chloride, indomethacin (Indo), N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) hydrochloride, noradrenaline (NA) as hydrochloride, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) and pinacidil (Cayman Chemical, Hamburg, Germany). Indomethacin was dissolved in ethanol. NA was dissolved in a mixture of sodium chloride + ascorbic acid (0.9% and 0.01% w/v, respectively). Other drugs were prepared in distilled water. The stock solutions (10 mM) were maintained at −20 °C, and appropriate dilutions were made in Krebs-Henseleit solution (KHS; mM; NaCl 115, CaCl2 2.5, KCl 4.6, KH2PO4 1.2, MgSO4 1.2, NaHCO3 25 and glucose 11.1 at pH 7.4) on the day of the experiment.
Cytochrome c, dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), formic acid, hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid of LC-MS grade were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (isocratic grade) and acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other reagents were of analytical grade and were provided by commercial suppliers.
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4

Omega-3 and L-NAME Intervention Protocol

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Omega‐3; Omax3 (contains eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and DHA of 4:1 ratio) was purchased from Prevention Pharmaceuticals. 24 Arnett Avenue, Suite 107, Lambertville, NJ 08530. It was given orally using gastric tube.

L‐NAME hydrochloride (Sigma‐Aldrich, MO, USA) product number (483125‐M) powder was dissolved in saline solution and was given by subcutaneous injection.

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5

Pharmacological Agents Protocol

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The following drugs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Germany: isoproterenol hydrochloride, 4′-Chlorodiazepam, L-NAME hydrochloride (Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride). Acepromazine (NeurotranqR) was obtained from Alfasan International B.V., JA Woerden, The Netherlands, and ketamine hydrochloride (Ketamidor 10%R) from Richter Pharma AG, Wels, Austria.
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6

Pharmacological Vascular Function Assay

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The drugs used in the present study were: ketamine (Parke-Davis Scandinavia AB, Solna, Sweden), cefuroxim, diazepam (Orion Pharma Ltd., Espoo, Finland), metronidazole (B. Braun AG, Melsungen, Germany), buprenorphine (Reckitt & Colman, Hull, England), acetylcholine chloride, norepinephrine bitartrate, L-NAME hydrochloride, NS-1619 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co, St Louis, MO, USA), sodium nitroprusside (Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs SG, Switzerland). Stock solutions of the compounds used in the functional arterial experiments were made by dissolving the compounds in distilled water. Solutions were freshly prepared before use and protected from light.
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7

Krebs Solution Composition and Pharmacological Agents

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The Krebs solution contained (in mM) NaCl 115.4, KCl 4.6, CaCl2⋅2H2O 2.5, MgCl2⋅2H2O 1.2, dextrose 11.5, NaHCO3 21.9 and NaH2PO4⋅2H2O 1.2, and bubbled with a mixture of 5% CO2–95% O2 (pH 7.4). Apamine, atropine, guanethidine, nifedipine, α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate(α,β-MeATP), Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, l-NAME hydrochloride, and diethylenetriamine nitric oxide adduct [DETA-NO (DNO)] were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). (1R*,2S*)-4-[2-Chloro-6-(methylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-phosphornooxybicycle[3.1.0]hexane-1-methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester di-ammonium salt (MRS-2279) was obtained from Tocris Biosciences (Ellisville, MO, USA).
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8

Astrocyte Infection by T. cruzi

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To evaluate the role of NO in IFNγ-induced T. cruzi infection of astrocytes, cells were treated with 1 mM L-NAME hydrochloride (Sigma, USA), an arginine analog that inhibit NO production, 30 min before adding IFNγ. Two hours after IFNγ treatment, cells were infected with T. cruzi for 24 hours, washed, fixed, stained and mounted as described above.
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9

Vasoactive Compounds Characterization Protocol

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The compounds utilized in the present study were: sarpogrelate hydrochloride was from ABBLIS Chemical LLC (Houston TX, US); ACh chloride, alloxan monohydrate, pentobarbital sodium, PE hydrochloride, indomethacin, L-NAME hydrochloride, SNP, thiobarbituric, tricloroacetic acid, N,N-dimethyl-9,9-biacridinium dinitrate (lucigenin), NADPH and ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain). TEA chloride was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). MDA bis-(dimethyl acetal) was purchased from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade. Stock solutions of the drugs were made up in ultrapure water, stored at −20 °C and appropriate dilutions were made on the day of the experiments.
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10

Krebs Solution Composition and Reagents

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The composition of Krebs solution was (in mM): 120 NaCl, 6 KCl, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.2 MgCl2, 1.35 NaH2PO4, 14.4 NaHCO3, and 11.5 glucose. The reagents used in this study were EM2 and β-FNA hydrochloride (Sigma), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ether, hydrochloride (L-NAME, Sigma), nifedipine, scopolamine (Sigma), tetrodotoxin (TTX, Taizhou Kante Biological Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China), and the VIP fragment VIP6-28 (Sigma). The preparation of all stock solutions and their subsequent dilutions was performed using 0.9% saline. All concentrations are expressed as their final concentration in the organ bath and the perfusing chamber for intracellular recording.
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