Homoharringtonine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Homoharringtonine is a laboratory-grade compound used for research purposes. It is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the plant Cephalotaxus harringtonia. The core function of homoharringtonine is as a research tool for studying cellular processes and signaling pathways.

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Lab products found in correlation

Cycloheximide (chx), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Smad5, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) C myc, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Smad8, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Smad2, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Smad3, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) P smad3, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Smad4, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Tunicamycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Thapsigargin tg, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Isrib, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gsk2606414, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Cycloheximide (chx), by Avantor (1 mentions) α amanitin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cx 5461, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Azd8055, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Mg132, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Ribavirin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Homoharringtonine (HHT) (2 citations) Homoharringtonine (HHT) treatment (2 citations)

7 protocols using homoharringtonine

Analyzing TGF-β Signaling Pathway

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Antibodies: smad3, p-smad3, smad2, smad4, smad1, smad5, smad8, p15, p21, p27, p57, c-myc, CDK4, CDK6, β-actin, TBP antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Goat anti-mouse antibody, goat anti-rabbit antibody were also from Cell Signaling Technology. TbRI and TbRII inhibitor LY2109761 was purchased from Selleckchem. Homoharringtonine was purchased from Sigma.

Chen J., Mu Q., Li X., Yin X., Yu M., Jin J., Li C., Zhou Y., Zhou J., Suo S., Lu D, & Jin J. (2017). Homoharringtonine targets Smad3 and TGF-β pathway to inhibit the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget, 8(25), 40318-40326.

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Investigating Unfolded Protein Response in MEFs

Cited 1 time

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Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), including Eif2α^A/A, Eif2α^S/S, Perk^+/+, Perk^−/−, Ire1α^−/−, Ire1α^+/+, Atf6α^−/−, and Atf6α^+/+ were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% of penicillin/streptomycin as described earlier [29 (link)]. MEFs were incubated at 37 °C in humidified 5% CO₂ incubator for maintenance. To induce heat stress, MEFs were incubated at 42 °C in humidified 5% CO₂ incubators for indicated times. Tunicamycin (Tm, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, T7765), thapsigargin (Tg, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, T9033), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, Calbiochem, St. Louis, MO, USA, 580549), cycloheximide (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, C6255), homoharringtonine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, SML1091), guanabenz (GA, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, G110) ISRIB (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, SML0843), GSK2606414 (Tocris, Bristol, England, 5107), and 4μ8c (Cayman, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 22110) were utilized as described in the text.

Park S., Lim Y., Lee D., Elvira R., Lee J.M., Lee M.R, & Han J. (2018). Modulation of Protein Synthesis by eIF2α Phosphorylation Protects Cell from Heat Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. Cells, 7(12), 254.

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Models

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MA9.3ITD (MLL-AF9 fusion gene plus FLT3-ITD mutation; MLL, also known as KMT2A) and MA9.3RAS (MLL-AF9 fusion gene plus NRAS^G12D mutation) were established by Dr. James Mulloy and cultured in IMDM supplemented with 20% FBS.^{21 (link)} MONOMAC 6, MV4-11, MOLM13, Kasumi-1, THP-1, SKNO-1 and ML-2 are obtained and maintained as previously described.^{22 (link)} Homoharringtonine purchased from Sigma-Aldrich was used in this study.

Li C., Dong L., Su R., Bi Y., Qing Y., Deng X., Zhou Y., Hu C., Yu M., Huang H., Jiang X., Li X., He X., Zou D., Shen C., Han L., Sun M., Skibbe J., Ferchen K., Qin X., Weng H., Huang H., Song C., Chen J, & Jin J. (2020). Homoharringtonine exhibits potent anti-tumor effect and modulates DNA epigenome in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting SP1/TET1/5hmC. Haematologica, 105(1), 148-160.

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Inhibitor Treatment and Downstream Analyses

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Cells were incubated for indicated durations and concentrations with the following inhibitors: INK128 (Medchem), 10058-F4 (Sigma), Cycloheximide (Amresco), α-amanitin (Sigma), CX-5461 (Selleckchem), MG-132 (Selleckchem), Homoharringtonine (Sigma), and AZD8055 (Selleckchem). Control cells were treated with DMSO. Inhibitors were withdrawn and cells were washed just prior to downstream analyses. For all CHX release experiments, cells were treated with DMSO or CHX for indicated durations. Cells were washed with PBS before addition of fresh medium and harvesting at indicated time points. For all embryo experiments, inhibitors were added to E4.5 blastocysts for the last 3 hours of culture.

Bulut-Karslioglu A., Macrae T.A., Oses-Prieto J.A., Covarrubias S., Percharde M., Ku G., Diaz A., McManus M.T., Burlingame A.L, & Ramalho-Santos M. (2018). The transcriptionally permissive chromatin state of embryonic stem cells is acutely tuned to translational output. Cell stem cell, 22(3), 369-383.e8.

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Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent Preparation

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Ribavirin, MPA, brequanir, and homoharringtonine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Human IFNα (Sigma-Aldrich, H6166) was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Stock of JAK inhibitor 1 (SC-204021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was dissolved in DMSO with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml. A library of 94 safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents (https://drugvirus.info) was dissolved in DMSO with a stock concentration of 10 mM.

Li P., Li Y., Wang Y., Liu J., Lavrijsen M., Li Y., Zhang R., Verstegen M.M., Wang Y., Li T.C., Ma Z., Kainov D.E., Bruno M.J., de Man R.A., van der Laan L.J., Peppelenbosch M.P, & Pan Q. (2022). Recapitulating hepatitis E virus–host interactions and facilitating antiviral drug discovery in human liver–derived organoids. Science Advances, 8(3), eabj5908.

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Protein Synthesis Inhibition Assay

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Puromycin dihydrochloride (Sigma P8833) – stock at 5 mg/ml in water, Cycloheximide (Sigma C7698–1G) – stock 5 mg/ml in ethanol, Sodium Arsenite (Sigma 35000–1L-R) – stock 50 mM in water, Homoharringtonine (Sigma SML1091–10MG) – stock 10mg/ml in DMSO. The drugs were diluted in warm media to get final working concentrations and cells were treated prior to fixation as follows: Puromycin (100µg/ml for 10 min), Cycloheximide (100µg/ml for 10min), Homoharringtonine – 100µg/ml for 10 mins or 1hr and Sodium Arsenite (2mM for 1 hour).

Adivarahan S., Livingston N., Nicholson B., Rahman S., Wu B., Rissland O.S, & Zenklusen D. (2018). Spatial organization of single mRNPs at different stages of the gene expression pathway. Molecular cell, 72(4), 727-738.e5.

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Anti-malarial Drug Screening Protocol

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In vivo growth and in vitro translation measurements were performed using the same drug dilutions. The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine, monodesethyl amodiaquine, piperaquine, primaquine, and quinine were a generous gift from Dr. Phil Rosenthal of UCSF. SJ733 was generously provided by Dr. Kip Guy of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. All other compounds were purchased from the indicated vendors: DDD107498 (Apexbio #A8711-5), mefloquine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich #M2319), emetine (Sigma-Aldrich #E2375), cycloheximide (Fisher #AC35742-0010), MMV008270 (Vitas-M Laboratory #STK591252), actinomycin D (Sigma-Aldrich #A1410), tubercidin (Sigma-Aldrich #T0642), thapsigargin (Sigma-Aldrich #SML1845), ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich #407951), thiostrepton (Sigma-Aldrich #598226), bruceantin (Toronto Research Chemicals #B689310), verrucarin A (Sigma-Aldrich #V4877), anisomycin (Sigma-Aldrich #A5862), homoharringtonine (Sigma-Aldrich #SML1091), lactimidomycin (EMD Millipore #506291), nagilactone C (BOC Sciences #24338-53-2), suramin sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich #S2671), puromycin (Thermo Fisher #A1113803), halofuginone (Sigma-Aldrich #32481).

Sheridan C.M., Garcia V.E., Ahyong V, & DeRisi J.L. (2018). The Plasmodium falciparum cytoplasmic translation apparatus: a promising therapeutic target not yet exploited by clinically approved anti-malarials. Malaria Journal, 17, 465.

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