Tensile tester

Manufactured by Zwick Roell

Sourced in Germany

The Tensile Tester is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the tensile properties of materials. It applies a controlled force to a test specimen and records the resulting deformation and forces. The core function of the Tensile Tester is to determine parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at break of various materials.

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Lab products found in correlation

100 n load cell, by Zwick Roell (1 mentions) Keithley 2400 source meter, by Tektronix (1 mentions) Labview program, by National Instruments (1 mentions)

6 protocols using tensile tester

Mechanical Characterization of Hydrogels

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Compression stress-strain analyses were performed on 5 × 8 mm (height × diameter) cylindrical specimens in the wet state. Tests were performed at room temperature according to ASTM 695 at a compression rate of 30% per min, n = 5. The compressive modulus (E_c-mod) was determined at 10% compressive strain.
Tensile stress-strain measurements were performed according to ASTM D 638 using a ZwickRoell tensile tester. Samples with dumbbell shape (50 × 9 mm) in the wet state were elongated at a speed of 10 mm/min at room temperature. Starting from the initial position (30 mm grip-to-grip separation), the stress and elongation at break of three samples of each gel were measured to obtain values for the tensile modulus (E_t-mod) at 10% strain and elongation at break (ε_max). Tensile and compressive toughness were used as parameters for the resistance to fracture of a hydrogel under stress and determined by integrating the area under the stress-strain curve.

Liang J., Wang Z., Poot A.A., Grijpma D.W., Dijkstra P.J, & Wang R. (2023). Enzymatic post-crosslinking of printed hydrogels of methacrylated gelatin and tyramine-conjugated 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) to prepare interpenetrating 3D network structures. International Journal of Bioprinting, 9(5), 750.

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Tensile Strength Evaluation of Banana Fibres

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Untreated and treated banana fibres were tested for tensile strength using the ASTMD 3822–01 typical test technique for tensile characteristics of single textile fibres. The test was carried out in a Zwick tensile tester with a 1kN load cell and a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Each sample had roughly 15 fibres tested at 10mm gauge length. Each fiber's fineness was measured via vibrational analysis. The force elongation curve of a single fibre was measured repeatedly. Young's modulus describe the ability of a (0.05–0.5 percent elongation) and strength were calculated based on this. With fibres secured between vulcanite fasteners and 6 bar of pressure, 25 trials at 15 mm/min were done (Brodowsky and Hennig 2022 ).

Patel B.Y, & Patel H.K. (2022). Retting of banana pseudostem fibre using Bacillus strains to get excellent mechanical properties as biomaterial in textile & fiber industry. Heliyon, 8(9), e10652.

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Suture Retention Strength of MEW Fibrin Scaffolds

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To assess the suture retention strength, MEW fibrin composite scaffolds (n = 3) were tested using an Instron tensile tester with a 100 N load cell (Zwick Roell, Ulm, Germany) according to ISO 7198. Samples were mounted into a pneumatic clamp and 4-0 suture line was threaded through the sample at a depth of 3 mm below the proximal surface of the aortic root wall and clamped. The suture line was then stretched until the sample was torn indicating failure where the maximum load was recorded as the suture retention strength.

Saidy N.T., Shabab T., Bas O., Rojas-González D.M., Menne M., Henry T., Hutmacher D.W., Mela P, & De-Juan-Pardo E.M. (2020). Melt Electrowriting of Complex 3D Anatomically Relevant Scaffolds. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 793.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Shape-Morphing Structures

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All specimens used for bracket characterization and the outer layers of the shape-morphing structures were 3D-printed using a Stratasys J750 using Vero Pure White material. Colored markers were included in the bases to facilitate visualization. Water was kept at 56 °C using a temperature controller, and two Canon 700D cameras were used for imaging.
The mechanical properties of the brackets were measured using a Zwick tensile tester with a custom-built water tank attachment. Experiments measuring strain restitution after unloading were conducted to estimate the plastic fraction of the deformation. These experiments are discussed more extensively in the Supplementary Information.
All shells were fabricated by first uniformly stretching a latex sheet of thickness 0.5 mm to 900% its initial area. After cleaning the membrane surfaces with 2-Propanol, the printed lattices are glued to the membrane. In each structure, several bases have holes to align the opposite shell layers using push-pins. Latex surplus surrounding the assembled flat shell is removed, then the shells are submerged into a

350 \times 350 \times 350

mm water tank to induce shape-morphing. See the Supplementary Information for more details.

Guseinov R., McMahan C., Pérez J., Daraio C, & Bickel B. (2020). Programming temporal morphing of self-actuated shells. Nature Communications, 11, 237.

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Nonlinear Compression Model of Cylindrical Samples

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We placed the cylinder between two parallel plate attachments of the Z010 Zwick Roell tensile tester using a 10 kN load cell and ran the compression test at 10 mm min⁻¹ while acquiring data from the sensors and filtered with an exponential filter with a smoothing constant of 0.9 using an Arduino. To measure the localized deformations experimentally, we marked the front face of the cylinder with silver sharpie every 2.5 mm and tracked the dots using digital image correlation (DIC) extensometer with VIC Snap and VIC-2D (Correlated Solutions, Inc.) and convert the pixel positions of the dots to displacements. From the sensor data, we correlate the signal magnitude to force with a linear model. We then create our model using MATLAB to fit a sixth degree polynomial to the localized displacement and force values from the FEA simulation done in ANSYS (Movie S7). We find the error of the calculated displacements using error = abs(disp_calc − disp_DIC). Since the simulation can only solve up to 35% compression, we show two models in the supplementary movies; Movie S3 shows the FEA model and Movie S4 shows a model based on experimental data up to 35% compression.

Xu P.A., Mishra A.K., Bai H., Aubin C.A., Zullo L, & Shepherd R.F. (2019). Optical Lace for Synthetic Afferent Neural Networks. Science robotics, 4(34), eaaw6304.

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Fabrication and Characterization of MoS2/SWNT Hybrid Films

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Equal amount of composite dispersions were filtered onto a nitrocellulose membrane and dried at room temperature. These films were cut into 0.5×2 cm strips and subsequently transferred onto a glass slide using the transfer method of Wu et al. 72 . Electrical conductivity values were calculated from resistivity measurement using a four-point probe technique with a Keithley 2400 source meter (Keithley Instruments, Inc.). It was controlled by a Lab View program (National Instruments, Inc.). The films were also used for Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The as prepared MoS2/SWNT hybrid dispersions (with various MoS2:SWNT ratios) were vacuum filtered onto polyester filter membrane pore size 0.45 µm.
The membranes were dried at room temperature and the free standing hybrid films were peeled off. Free standing hybrid films were cut into strips of width ~2.25 mm. Films thicknesses were in the range of 70-80 µm measured using a digital micrometer. N.B. we limited the composites prepared to mass fractions of 6 wt% or less due to the high nanotube masses required to make such thick films. Mechanical measurements were performed using Zwick tensile tester at a strain rate of 0.5 mm/minute. Each data point is an average of 4 measurements.

Liu Y., He X., Hanlon D., Harvey A., Khan U., Li Y, & Coleman J.N. (2016). Electrical, Mechanical, and Capacity Percolation Leads to High-Performance MoS2/Nanotube Composite Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes. ACS nano, 10(6).

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