Lamin b1

Protein extraction was performed using the Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Extraction kit (Thermo Scientific, Pierce Biotechnology, IL, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were separated using 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then transferred onto PVDF membranes (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Subsequently, the membrane was blocked in TBST (20 mM Tris base pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20) containing 5% non-fat milk for 4 h at room temperature. Then, the membrane was incubated with NF-kB (Invitrogen, Cat number MA5-15160) and Lamin B1 (Invitrogen, Cat number 33-2000) primary antibodies that were added to the blocking solution at 3 µg/mL, and the membrane was incubated at 4 °C overnight. After overnight incubation, the membrane was washed and then incubated with goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G HRP conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Cat number G-21234) and goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G HRP conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Cat number PA1-86015) for an additional hour at room temperature. After washing three times with TBST (30 min each wash), proteins were detected by chemiluminescence and protein bands were analyzed by densitometry using ImageLab software (Bio-Rad 6.1, Hercules, CA, USA).

FMK and BI-D1870 were purchased from Axon Medchem (Groningen, The Netherlands). PP2 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). PF-4708671 was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA) and DAPI were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). TM, D-(+)-glucose and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies were purchased from the following vendors: TXNIP (MBL International, Woburn, MA, USA); ChREBP (Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA); KDEL (GRP94, GRP78) (Enzo Life Sciences, Lörrach, Germany); CREB-2 (ATF4), GADD153 (CHOP) and Src (Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA); Akt, p-Akt, PARP, cleaved Caspase-3, p-Src, p-S6, S6, ACC, and FAS (Cell Signaling Technology; Danvers, MA, USA); Lamin B₁ (Invitrogen); α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich).