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14 protocols using deuterated methanol

1

NMR Metabolite Extraction Protocol

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For NMR observations, 30 mg of each powdered sample was extracted with 1000 mL of deuterated methanol (99.8%, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., MA, USA) with 1 mM sodium 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS) internal standard at 55 °C for 15 min. After centrifugation at 25 °C for 5 min, the extracted supernatant was transferred to a 5 mm NMR tube. Two dimensional J-resolved (2DJ) spectra were acquired at 298 K using a Bruker AVANCE II 700 spectrometer equipped with a 1H inverse triple-resonance cryogenically cooled probe with Z-axis gradients (Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany).
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2

Chromatographic Analysis of Natural Compounds

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Silica gel 60 (particle size 0.063–0.2 mm, 70–230 mesh) (Fluka, St. Louis, MO, USA), Polyamide-6 and Sephadex LH-20 (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) were utilized for column chromatography. TLC plates (Si 60 F254, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and analytical-grade solvents were used in the study. Visualization of the spots was carried out using p-anisaldehyde spray reagent [37 ].
The UV investigation was carried out in methanol utilizing a Shimadzu UV1, 601PC UV–visible scanning spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Optical rotation was measured using a 341 Perkin Elmer polarimeter (Darmstadt, Germany). HRESIMS was executed on Agilent LC/Q-TOF, 6530 (Santa Clara, CA, USA). All 1D and 2D NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz (Bruker AG, Fällanden, Switzerland) and analysed using Topspin 3.1 software (Bruker AG, Fällanden, Switzerland). Deuterated methanol and chloroform (Cambridge Isotopes, Andover, MA, USA) were used.
Aluminium trichloride (AlCl3.6H2O), anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), ascorbic acid, DPPH, ABTS (Sigma, PN: A3219, St. Louis, MO, USA), Folin–Ciocalteu, gallic acid, rutin, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) were purchased from Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Characterization of Deuterated Compounds

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Deuterated Methanol (99.8 atom % deuterium) and deuterium oxide (99.9 atom % deuterium) were obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Andover, MA, USA). 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid (TSP), Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, diethylene glycol, gallic acid, rutin, catechin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), L-ascorbic acid, formic acid and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and sodium hydroxide was purchased from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Methanol, water, and acetonitrile were of the highest commercial grade and obtained from Honeywell (St. Muskegon, MI, USA). All chemicals were of analytical grade.
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4

Solvent Procurement for Chemical Analysis

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All solvents were purchased from Merck KGaA, Fisher Scientific Ltd. and VWR International LLC, except of deuterated methanol which was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc.
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5

Synthesis of DDMAT-DMAC Copolymer

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2-(Dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic
acid (DDMAT), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC), and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)
(AIBN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Diacetone
acrylamide (DAAM), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), and 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric
acid) (ACVA) were purchased from Alfa Aesar and were used as received.
Deuterated methanol was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories.
Dioxane was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich UK, and diethyl ether was
purchased from Fisher Scientific. All solvents were HPLC grade.
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6

Chromatographic Analysis of Natural Compounds

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Silica gel 60 (particle size 0.063–0.2 mm, 70–230 mesh) (Fluka, St. Louis, MO, USA), Polyamide-6 and Sephadex LH-20 (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) were utilized for column chromatography. TLC plates (Si 60 F254, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and analytical-grade solvents were used in the study. Visualization of the spots was carried out using p-anisaldehyde spray reagent [37 ].
The UV investigation was carried out in methanol utilizing a Shimadzu UV1, 601PC UV–visible scanning spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Optical rotation was measured using a 341 Perkin Elmer polarimeter (Darmstadt, Germany). HRESIMS was executed on Agilent LC/Q-TOF, 6530 (Santa Clara, CA, USA). All 1D and 2D NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz (Bruker AG, Fällanden, Switzerland) and analysed using Topspin 3.1 software (Bruker AG, Fällanden, Switzerland). Deuterated methanol and chloroform (Cambridge Isotopes, Andover, MA, USA) were used.
Aluminium trichloride (AlCl3.6H2O), anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), ascorbic acid, DPPH, ABTS (Sigma, PN: A3219, St. Louis, MO, USA), Folin–Ciocalteu, gallic acid, rutin, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) were purchased from Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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7

Oxidation and Cyclization of Levoglucosenone

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Levoglucosenone was graciously provided by the Circa Group. Potassium carbonate 99% (Acros), hydrogen peroxide 30% (Fischer), diethyl succinate 98% (Alpha Aesar), malonyl chloride 97% (Sigma Aldrich), succinyl chloride 95% (Sigma Aldrich), adipoyl chloride 98% (Sigma Aldrich), glutaryl chloride 97% (Sigma Aldrich), terephthaloyl chloride >99% flakes (Sigma Aldrich) were used without further purification unless mentioned. NMR solvents including deuterated chloroform, deuterated methanol, and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories.
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8

Pharmaceutical Compound Procurement Protocol

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Griseofulvin was purchased from Alfa Aesar, UK and propofol from Sigma Aldrich, UK. DOX was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, USA). Deuterated methanol was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., USA. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, UK and reagents from Fisher Scientific, UK. Dialysis tubing was purchased from Medicell International Ltd, UK. Syringe filters were purchased from Whatman, UK.
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9

Saponin Compound Analysis Protocol

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Deuterated methanol containing 0.03% v/v tetramethylsilane (TMS) (CD3OD, 99.8% D) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (Tewksbury, Massachusetts, USA); dimethyl terephthalate (DMT, Lot No. BCBF6171V) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany); standard substances Ginsenoside Rb1 (Lot No. 200725), Ginsenoside Rg1 (Lot No. 200709), Ginsenoside Re (Lot No. 200603), Panaxoside R1 (Lot No. 190813), Panaxoside Fe (Lot No. 190803), Gynostemma saponin XLIX (Lot No. 210826), Gynostemma saponin XVII (Lot No. 210903), and Gynostemma saponin XLVI (Lot No. 210730) were purchased from Shanghai Winherb Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); Shenmai Injection was provided by Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China); Xuesaitong Injection was provided by Heilongjiang ZBD Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China); and gynostemma column chromatography eluting intermediate was provided by Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Taizhou, China).
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10

NMR analysis of HPLC-MS extract

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The MeOH extracts remaining after HPLC-MS analysis was dried using a vacuum-centrifuge and dissolved in a mixture of deuterium oxide (D2O, D 99.8%, 250 μl) and deuterated methanol (CD3OD, D 99.8%, 750 μl) (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, MA, USA). A 700 µl aliquot of the particulate-free extract was transferred into a 5 mm Norell 509-UP-7 NMR tube (Norell Inc., Landisville, NJ, USA) and analysed immediately by 1H NMR.
1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 600 MHz NMR spectrometer with TXI 5 mm probe and quantification performed using the ERETIC method (Tapiolas et al., 2013 (link)). This technique generates an internal electronic reference signal, calibrated using stock solutions of DMSP.
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