Affinity 1s ft ir spectrometer

UV/Vis spectra of PGD-g-PANI/Al₂O₃ were collected in chloroform in a spectral range from 200 to 1100 nm with a Lamda 1050 spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA). Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed on an Affinity-1S FT-IR spectrometer from Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan), scanning over an effective range of 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹, with a 2 cm⁻¹ resolution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out using an X-ray diffractometer from Rigaku (Tokyo, Japan) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54 A) at 40 kV and 35 mA current with 2θ ranging from 10° to 80°, step width of 0.0164°, and a step rate of 1 s⁻¹. Imaging and structural analysis of the composites were performed using a scanning electron microscope (JSM-5910, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).

Scanning electron microscopy for structural analysis was performed on a Supra-55VP FEGSEM from ZEISS. Moreover, SEM-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX, Oxford Instrument) analysis was employed for identification of the elemental composition of the polymer sample. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out using a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54 A) at 40 kV and 35 mA current with 2θ ranging from 10° to 80°, step width of 0.0164°, and a step rate of 1 s⁻¹. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed on an Affinity-1S FT-IR spectrometer from Shimadzu, scanning over an effective range of 450 to 4000 cm⁻¹. Optical absorption spectroscopy of Pbp@NiO in DMSO was executed with a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Buckinghamshire, UK) in the wavelength range of 200–1000 nm. The thermal degradation patterns of Pbp@NiO nanocomposites were accomplished with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The sample was heated with a heating rate of 10 °C per minute in the nitrogen (N₂) atmosphere.