Then, SLD in design-expert 8.06 software was used to optimize the formulation. The NEs were composed of four phases and the total amount of oil phase, surfactant, cosurfactant and water was set at 100%. According to the region of NEs in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram, the content of each phase in the prescription was determined to be oil: 5%, Surfactant (X1): 15%~30%, Cosurfactant (X2): 15%–30%, Water (X3): 50%–65%. The contents of surfactant, cosurfactant and water were taken as independent variables, and solubility (Y1) and encapsulation efficiency EE (%) (Y2) were taken as evaluation responses. This scheme produced 14 experimental points, which were characterized by the Y1 and Y2. Then, the optimal ASI-NEs were gelled with 1% Carbomer 940 (BASF, German) to be ASI-NBGs.
Carbomer 940
Manufactured by BASF
Sourced in Germany
Carbomer 940 is a high molecular weight, cross-linked polymer of acrylic acid. It is a white, acidic powder that swells in water to form a clear, viscous gel. Carbomer 940 is commonly used as a thickening, suspending, and emulsifying agent in various formulations, including personal care products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.
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2 protocols using carbomer 940
1
Optimized Nanoemulsion-Based Gel Formulation
2
Formulation and Evaluation of Lipid-Based Delivery Systems
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Ph (purity > 98%) was purchased from Xi'an Tongze Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Xi'an, China). Glyceryl tributyrate (SCT) was purchased from Wuhan far Cheng co‐Creation Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT) was purchased from Asia botanicals Sdn. Bhd. (Selangor, Malaysia). MAISINE® 35–1 (LCT) was donated by Gattefosse S.A (Lyon, France). Carbomer 940, Cremophor EL, and Pluronic P123 were purchased from BASF AG (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Pluronic® F127 was supplied by Sigma‐Aldrich, USA. Ethanol, Propylene glycol, and Porcine pancreatic lipase (1:300) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and MIP‐2 were purchased from Jiangsu Enzyme‐Linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). BCA Protein Quantification Kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade was obtained from Mreda Technologyinc Inc (USA), and other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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