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19 protocols using anti aggrecan

1

Coculture of Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Raw264.7 in Hydrogel Scaffold

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Nucleus pulposus cells and raw264.7 were cocultured with hydrogel scaffold for 48 h, and the protein expression level was detected by WB. Total protein extraction kit (Yeasen, Shanghai, China) was used to extract cell protein. After the concentration was determined by BCA protein analysis kit (Yeasen, Shanghai, China), the protein was separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and transferred to PVDF. The PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin for 1 h, and the first antibody was incubated at 4 °C. The antibodies included anti-Collagen II (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), anti-Aggrecan (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-MMP13 (Proteintech, China), and GAPDH (Proteintech, Wuhan, China). The blots were produced with an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and imaged with a ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (Bio-rad, Hercules, CA, USA). ImageJ 2.3.0 was used to measure the protein band strength and normalize it to the equivalent GAPDH bands (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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2

Chondrocyte Protein Extraction and Western Blot

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The reagent RIPA Lysis Buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to extract the total protein of the cultivated chondrocyte or isolated cartilage tissue. RIPA was supplemented with protease inhibitor PMSF. Protein concentration was determined by a BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Protein was mixed with protein loading buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and loaded to a 12% SDS-PAGE gel for electrophoresis. Afterward, the gel was transferred to PVDF membrane (Thermo Fisher Scientific). After a blocking step with a blocking buffer, the membrane was incubated with primary monoclonal antibodies at 4 °C overnight. After washing, the membrane was incubated with secondary antibody. Finally, signal was detected by an ECL method. The primary antibodies used in this study includes anti-Aggrecan (1:1000, Abcam), anti-Collagen II (1:1000, Abcam), anti-β-actin (1:3000, Abcam), anti-ADAM8 (1:1000, Abcam), anti-p-ERK (1:1000, Abcam), anti-ERK (1:2000, Abcam), anti-p- NF-κB p65 (1:1000, Abcam), anti-NF-κB p65 (1:2000, Abcam), anti-MMP9 (1:1000, Abcam), anti-Notch1 (1:1000, Abcam), anti-Hes1 (1:2000, Abcam). All the primary antibodies were incubated for 4 h at 37 °C. The HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (1:5000, Sigma-Aldrich) was incubated for 2 h at RT.
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3

Histological Analysis of Cartilage Formation

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The retrieved implants were cut in half longitudinally and fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde solution. The fixed samples were then embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned into 25 μm thickness slices with a microtome. After deparaffinization, the sliced samples were treated with 0.5 % Triton X-100 solution (Biosesang co. Korea) for permeabilization. 1 % (w/v) bovine serum albumin (Sigma Aldrich, USA) solution was used to reduce the non-specific background. Sections were immunostained with a primary antibody against anti-Collagen II (Abcam, UK), and anti-Aggrecan (Abcam, UK) to make the cartilaginous ECM formation visible, followed by incubation with Alexa Flour secondary antibody (Invitrogen, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. All samples were counterstained with DAPI (Vector Laboratories, USA). Stained samples were examined using a confocal microscope (LSM 8800, Zeiss, Germany).
For histological experiments, dewaxed sections were stained with staining kits for H&E (Abcam, UK), Alcian Blue (Abcam, UK), Safranin-O (ScienCell Research Laboratories co., USA), and Masson’s Trichrome (Abcam, UK) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Slides covered with cover-slips were scanned using an automatic digital slide scanner (Panoramic MIDI, 3DHISTECH, Hungary).
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4

Protein Expression Analysis in MBMSCs

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Total proteins were extracted from each group of MBMSCs on days 3, 7, and 14 using the RIPA tissue/cell lysis buffer (Solarbio). Protein concentration was determined with a BCA kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 80 V for 30 min followed at 120 V for 1 h, then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, USA), and blocked with Western blocking solution (Beyotime). The membrane was incubated with primary antibodies (anti-SOX9, 1 : 1000 dilution; anti-Col2A1, 1 : 1000 dilution; anti-Aggrecan, 1 : 1000 dilution; and anti-β-actin, 1 : 10,000 dilution; Abcam, USA) at 4°C overnight, followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, 1 : 2000 dilution; Abcam) for 1 h. The ECL solution (Beyotime) was used for visualization and the Bio-Rad ChemiDoc™ XRS system for imaging, and the signal was captured and analyzed using Image Lab™ software (Bio-Rad).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Chondrocytes

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Control and treated chondrocytes were lysed, followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis as previously described [13 ]. The primary antibodies used were listed: anti-iNOS, anti-COX-2, anti-β-actin, and HRP-conjugated secondary antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA; and anti-ADAMTS-4, anti-ADAMTS-5, anti-aggrecan, anti-collagen II, anti-p65, anti-p-p65, anti-p-IκBα, and anti-IκBα from Abcam. Finally, the bands were visualized with the ECL reagent.
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6

Intervertebral Disc Extracellular Matrix Analysis

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The rats were killed as described above and the tails were obtained. The specimens of the whole IVD with adjacent vertebral bodies were harvested and cut into 5 μm with a freezing microtome (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) at 8 weeks after injection. After being fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, washed twice with PBS, and blocked in 5% bull serum albumin for 1 h, the tissue sections were incubated, respectively, overnight with primary antibodies at 4°C: rabbit polyclonal anti-collagen type II and anti-aggrecan (1 : 100, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). After washing with PBS, slides were incubated, respectively, with FITC-conjugated and Cy3-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1 : 10000, ABclonal, Wuhan, China) secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature in the dark. The immunostaining results were photographed by a fluorescence microscope and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.
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7

Western Blotting Protocol for Protein Analysis

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The protocol and procedure for western blotting were as described in our previous reports 30 (link), 44 (link), 45 (link). The anti-p-YAP (Ser127), anti-YAP, anti-RalA and anti-β-actin primary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The anti-Wnt5a, anti-Wnt5b, anti-Aggrecan and anti-SOX9 primary antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The anti-CD63, anti-CD9, anti-CD81 and anti-Alix were obtained from System Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA, USA). Based on previous research 46 (link), 47 (link), collagen type II was analysed using 5% (wt/vol) SDS-PAGE with anti-collagen type II primary antibodies (Chemicon®, Merck-Millipore).
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8

Curcumin Protects ADMSCs from Oxidative Stress

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Curcumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), TBHP, and DMSO were obtained from sigma Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). ADMSCs were cultured in the serum-free ncMission hMSC Medium (RP02010, Nuwacell Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), collagenase II, 0.25% trypsin, 100 U/mL penicillin G and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (NY, USA). Chondrocyte growth medium Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium F-12 (DMEM/F12) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA). sEV lipid fluorescent dyes DiI was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). Annexin-V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), EdU Cell Proliferation Kit with Alexa Fluor 488, and One Step TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) Apoptosis Kit were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Jiangsu, China). The following monoclone antibodies and secondary antibody were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK): anti-CD63, anti-tsg101, anti-GM130, anti-8-OHdG, anti-collagen II and anti-aggrecan. The primary antibody of cleaved caspase3 was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).
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9

Protein Expression Analysis in Cartilage

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Proteins were extracted using RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors. Protein samples were separated using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using the following primary antibodies: anti-cxcl 8 (1:1000; Abcam), anti-aggrecan (1:2000), anti-sox9 (1:2000), anti-collagen II (1:5000), and anti-RPL4 (1:1000). Then, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies (1:1000; all from Cell Signaling Technology). The protein bands were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (Millipore).
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10

Comprehensive Western Blot Analysis of Cartilage Markers

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For western blot analysis, cells were lysed in mammalian protein extraction reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA) with complete protease inhibitor. Total protein quantity was determined using the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce) and adjusted to 10 mg/mL. Samples (10 mL) were loaded onto 10–14% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were then blocked with 5% skim milk in 0.05% Tris-buffered saline/Tween 20 (TBST) followed by incubation with the following primary antibodies: anti-sox9 (Abcam, Cambridge, England, 1∶1000), anti-aggrecan (Abcam, 1∶100), anti-collagen type I (Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 1∶500), anti-collagen type II (Merck, 1∶500) and anti-GAPDH (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA, 1∶1000), respectively. The blots were developed for chemiluminescence using the ECL western blotting substrate (Pierce).
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