Cotinine free base

(-)-Nicotine free base (CAS no. 54-11-5) and (-)-cotinine free base (CAS no. 486-56-6) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, MO, United States). (±)-Anatabine citrate (purity 98.92% by HPLC) was purchased from Concept Life Sciences (Manchester, UK). (±)-Anatabine free base (purity >95% by HPLC) used for the SmartCube^® study was a generous gift from Indena® S. p.A. (Milan, Italy) (Rossia et al., 2018 (link)). (±)-Anatabine free base used for the zebrafish NTT was custom synthesized by WuXi AppTec (purity ≥95%; Shanghai, China). PNU282987 (CAS no. 711085-63-1) and buspirone hydrochloride (CAS No. 33386-08-2) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bio-Techne®, Minneapolis, MN, United States). AZD1446 (CAS no. 1025007-04-8) was purchased from Key Organics Limited (Cornwall, UK).

(‒)-Nicotine free base (CAS No. 54-11-5), (‒)-cotinine free base (CAS No. 486-56-6), and (‒)-scopolamine hydrobromide (CAS No. 6533–68‒2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). (±)-Anatabine free base (purity > 95% by HPLC) was custom-synthesized by WuXi AppTec (Shanghai, China). The nAChR agonist activities of nicotine, cotinine, and anatabine are indicated in Fig. 1 for reference^{18 (link)}.Figure 1

α4β2 and α7 nAChR EC₅₀ values of nicotine, cotinine, and anatabine. α4β2 and α7 nAChRs EC₅₀ values were determined in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells overexpressing the respective human nAChRs as reported by Alijevic et al.^{18 (link)}. Nicotine and anatabine are potent, while cotinine is a weak α4β2 nAChR agonist. Nicotine is also a weak α7 agonist. NA not available due to no or low activity.

Acetylcholine bromide (CAS No. 66-23-9), (–)-nicotine free base (CAS No. 54-11-5), (–)-cotinine free base (CAS No. 486-56-6), and ( ±)-nornicotine (CAS No. 5746-86-1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). ( +)-Anabasine hydrochloride (CAS No. 53912-89-3), buspirone hydrochloride (CAS No. 33386-08-2), and metanicotine oxalate (CAS No. 220662-95-3) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bio-Techne^®, Minneapolis, MN, USA). ( ±)-Anatabine free base, AZD1446, and (S)-N-methylanatabine dihydrochloride were custom synthesized by WuXi AppTec (all: purity ≥ 95%; Shanghai, China).