Pz 2 029

TETS (≥ 97% pure as determined by GC–MS) was synthesized in the laboratory of Dr. Bruce Hammock, UC Davis as previously described (Zhao et al., 2014 (link)). L-838417, PZ-II-029, TCS 1105 and SB-205384 were purchased from Tocris, Minneapolis, MN, USA. CL-218872 was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SL-651498 was purchased from Axon Medchem, Reston, VA, USA. NS11394 was purchased from eNovation Chemicals, Bridgewater, NJ, USA. DS2, THIP (gabaxadol hydrochloride), and zolpidem were purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. Purity of all commercial chemicals based on the vendor supplied certificate of analysis was 98% or greater by HPLC. The compounds 2–261 and 2–314 were generously provided by Kelvin Gee (University of California, Irvine). TETS and PAMs were dissolved as 1000× stocks in 100% DMSO (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and kept in a −20 °C freezer until use. Further dilution to 2× sub-stocks was conducted using embryo medium immediately before exposures. Vehicle (DMSO) was kept below 0.3% for all exposure paradigms.

Ro 15–4513 (8-azido-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazol[1,5-a] [1 (link),4 (link)]benzo-diazepine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) and PZ-II-029 (2,5-dihydro-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-pyrazolo [4,3-c] quinoline-3-one), PAMs of the α₆-containing GABA_A receptor were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Drugs were dissolved in 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furosemide, α₆-containing GABA_A receptor antagonist, was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and dissolved in 100% DMSO. Anesthetics ketamine and xylazine were purchased from PiSA Farmacéutica (Guadalajara, Jalisco). Isoflurane was obtained from Vet One (Boise, Idaho). Doses of the drugs used in this study were chosen from preliminary studies carried out in our laboratory.