This was a single centre study conducted at the Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust Sleep and Ventilation Service using qualitative methods. Patients and or carers were provided with study information and invited to participate in the study via 1:1 telephone or a face-to-face semistructured interview. HCPs participated via focus groups. Recruitment was a convenience sample of patients, carers and staff willing and available to participate. HCPs completed and returned their consent forms at the time of the focus groups. This study was conducted in a London based sleep and ventilation service with a wide geographical spread of patients. The modem technology in this study was a cellular modem (Cellular Modem, Philips Respironics, Murraysville, USA) which was inserted into the back of the patient’s ventilator (A40, A30 or BiPAP ST, Philips Respironics, Murraysville, USA). Data were transmitted on a daily basis and were accessible via a web-based platform (Encore Anywhere, Philips Respironics, Murraysville, USA).
Encoreanywhere
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in United States
EncoreAnywhere is a compact and versatile laboratory equipment designed for various analytical applications. It provides reliable and accurate measurements for researchers and scientists. The core function of EncoreAnywhere is to perform analytical tasks, but a detailed description without interpretation or extrapolation cannot be provided within the given constraints.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
8 protocols using encoreanywhere
1
Remote Monitoring of Ventilator Patients
2
Monitoring CPAP Use Remotely
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The primary outcome was CPAP use (minutes per night), monitored remotely with Encore Anywhere (Philips). Conforming to the initial protocol, CPAP use was assessed during the first 4 weeks (short-term). Additionally, we assessed CPAP use after week 4, week 12, and week 24 (long-term).
3
Remote Initiation of Chronic NIV
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Patients randomised to home initiation were initiated on chronic NIV completely at their home, using telemedicine. Ventilator data were retrieved via a GPRS system clicked on the back of the ventilator (BiPAP A40 and BiPAP A30, Philips Respironics), which sent data to an online platform (Encore Anywhere, Philips Respironics). Changes in ventilator settings could be made remotely. Also, PtCO2 was measured (SenTec DM, Software V-STATS V.4.0, SenTec AG, Therwil, Switzerland) and these data were retrieved remotely via a high-end ambulatory remote monitoring device (Dyna-vision, Techmedic International, Broek op Langedijk, the Netherlands). The specialised nurse visited the patient at day 1 to instal the equipment, explain all procedures, and to practice with NIV, and the last day to return the telemedicine/measurement devices and finish the initiation period. For a detailed explanation of the home initiation, see online repository .
4
Sleep Apnea Therapy Monitoring and Outcomes
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The following data will be collected:
Sleep test results, including AHI (3% and 4%), Oxygen Desaturation Index (3% and 4%), Time Spent (< 89% and < 90%), PSG Sleep Efficiency, and PSG Periodic Limb Movement Index.
PAP usage data, including Average Usage (Total Days and Days Used), Percentage of Days with Usage ≥ 4 h, and Residual AHI (events per hour).
PAP treatment adherence and efficacy data will be obtained by daily transmission from wireless modems built into PAP units or via smartcard downloads. Use of wireless PAP monitoring in VHA is approved at the VA national level. Data will be stored on PAP device manufacturer websites (namely, EncoreAnywhere for Philips Respironics, or Airview for ResMed, Inc.) which VA sleep programs may access for provision of clinical care. Manual downloads of PAP data can be done during in-person assessments if the patient declines to use wireless technology.
Ninety (90) days after each patient begins PAP therapy or other treatment, a follow-up visit will be scheduled with the care provider. Patients will also fill out a follow-up questionnaire at that time (see Additional file
5
CPAP Data Analysis for Sleep Apnea
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The CPAP device used was the Dream Station Auto. The device periodically records the user's breathing signals and analyzes the data in near real time. It also records raw respiratory data at random. Analysis results are automatically uploaded to a central database. The data were analyzed online using the dedicated analysis system (EncoreAnywhere, ver. 2.44; Philips Respironics) and cited using the CareExporter software (version 1.11.1.0; Philips Respironics). The data cited were average apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), average central apnea (clear airway) index, average CSB%, percentage of days of CPAP use (%), and average CPAP use time (in days of use, min).
6
Assessing CPAP Adherence Remotely
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EncoreAnywhere (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) is a secure, remote system that was used to assess CPAP wear time among the individuals randomized to the treatment group. CPAP ‘dose’ was reported as the average number of minutes of therapeutic (active CPAP) per night; persons on sham-CPAP were considered to have ‘0’ min of treatment.
7
Long-term Respiratory Outcomes Study
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At recruitment, demographic information (age, sex) and SRI questionnaire were obtained from the patient. Daytime arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was obtained according to standard recommendations in sitting patients without ventilation, with the current oxygen flow provided [20 (link)]. Clinical data [body mass index (BMI), disease, time with HMV, ventilation interface, humidifier] were collected from the electronic hospital records. Pulmonary function test data was obtained from the electronic clinical records if obtained at least 12 months previous to the beginning of the study. Ventilation parameters and daily usage were recorded by the readout of the ventilator’s built-in software (ResMed AirView® and Philips EncoreAnywhere® platforms), obtained during a scheduled medical visit. At 5 years, patients completed the SRI again during scheduled medical visits. Time to complete the questionnaire was recorded at both times.
If patient died in the study period, date of death was obtained from the electronic hospital records or national patient information registry (if death was outside the hospital).
If patient died in the study period, date of death was obtained from the electronic hospital records or national patient information registry (if death was outside the hospital).
8
CPAP Device Data Analysis Protocol
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The CPAP device used was Dream Station Auto. The device periodically records the user’s breathing signals and analyzes the data in near real time. It also records raw respiratory data at random. Analysis results are automatically uploaded to a central database. The data were analyzed online using the dedicated analysis system (EncoreAnywhere, ver. 2.44; Philips Respironics) and cited using the CareExporter software (version 1.11.1.0; Philips Respironics). The data cited were average apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), average central apnea (clear airway) index (CAI), PB%Device, average percentage of large leak on days of CPAP use (LL%), percentage of days of CPAP use (%), and average CPAP use time (on days of use, min). The monitoring data from the CPAP device was averaged over a 30-day period starting on September 1, 2020.
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