Urb597

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany

URB597 is a laboratory reagent used in research applications. It is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which is responsible for the degradation of endogenous cannabinoids. URB597 is commonly used in scientific studies to investigate the role of the endocannabinoid system in various physiological and pathological processes.

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28 protocols using urb597

Anandamide Hydrolysis Inhibitor URB597 Protocol

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URB597 (FAAH inhibitor; (3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl) N-cyclohexylcarbamate) was obtained from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Rhodamine 6G, cremophor, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), urethane and sodium monoiodoacetate were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
URB597 (0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg) was dissolved in vehicle (DMSO:cremophor:saline 1:1:8) on the day of use. MIA was dissolved in saline (0.3 mg/10 μl) on the day of use. Rhodamine 6G (0.05%) was dissolved in saline and stored in the dark at 4 °C. Physiological buffered saline (135 mM NaCl, 20 mM NaHCO₃, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgSO₄⋅7H₂O, pH 7.4) was prepared in-house.

McDougall J.J., Muley M.M., Philpott H.T., Reid A, & Krustev E. (2017). Early blockade of joint inflammation with a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor decreases end-stage osteoarthritis pain and peripheral neuropathy in mice. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 19, 106.

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Preparation of Cannabinoid Compounds

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Lactic acid was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). AEA, AEA-d8, 2-AG, and 2-AG-d8 were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). URB597 (cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl ester) (Fegley et al., 2005 (link)), rimonabant, and SR144528 (N-{(1S)-endo-1,3,3-trimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2yl]-5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) (Griffin et al., 1999 (link)) were provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Supply Program (Bethesda, MD, USA). Lactic acid was prepared in sterile water. URB597 was prepared in a vehicle consisting of 1% carboxymethylcellulose (Sigma), 1% Tween 80 (Sigma), 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma), and 96% sterile saline. rimonabant and SR144528 were prepared in a vehicle consisting of 5% ethanol, 5% cremophor (Sigma), and 90% sterile saline. All solutions were injected i.p. in a volume of 1 ml/kg except for URB597, which was injected i.p. in a volume of 2 ml/kg.

Kwilasz A.J., Abdullah R.A., Poklis J.L., Lichtman A.H, & Negus S.S. (2014). Effects of the Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitor URB597 on Pain-Stimulated and Pain-Depressed Behavior in Rats. Behavioural pharmacology, 25(2), 119-129.

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Intranasal URB597 Administration in Rats

Cited 1 time

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URB597 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, UK) was solubilized in 5% polyethylene glycol (Fluka Chemicals, Switzerland), 5% Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich) and 90% saline; doses and protocols were based on previous findings (31 (link)–33 (link), 41 (link)). Rats received either one of the URB597 doses or vehicle per experiment. All injections were administered intraperitoneally (1 ml/kg) and were given 30 min before testing.

Warren W.G., Hale E., Papagianni E.P., Cassaday H.J., Stevenson C.W, & Stubbendorff C. (2022). URB597 induces subtle changes to aggression in adult Lister Hooded rats. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 885146.

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Cannabinoid Receptor Modulation in Neuroinflammation

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All common salts were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA), including the selective MAGL inhibitor JZL184 (5 μg/200 nl/side), FAAH inhibitor URB597 (2 μg/200 nl/side), CB1 antagonist rimonabant (2 μg/200 nl/side), and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN, a specific CB1R agonist, 2 μg/200 nl/side). The doses of these chemicals were selected based on previous studies^{22 (link),33 (link)–36 (link)}. All chemicals were dissolved in a mixture of sterile aCSF and suspended in a 1:2:10 Tween 80, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) solution following pilot work which confirmed this concentration allowed passage of high concentrations of this hydrophobic drug through the fine-gauged microinjectors.

Fu R., Tang Y., Li W., Ren Z., Li D., Zheng J., Zuo W., Chen X., Zuo Q.K., Tam K.L., Zou Y., Bachmann T., Bekker A, & Ye J.H. (2021). Endocannabinoid signaling in the lateral habenula regulates pain and alcohol consumption. Translational Psychiatry, 11, 220.

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Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists and Inhibitors

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CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55212-2 (WIN, Tocris, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight for the intraperitoneal injection, 1 and 2 μg/μl for micro-infusion into the vHip) (Martellotta et al., 1998 (link); Shen et al., 2019 (link)) was dissolved in 50% DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) and 50% normal saline solution. Arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA, Abcam, 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight for the intraperitoneal injection, 4 ng/μl for micro-infusion into the vHip) (Jafari-Sabet and Karimi, 2017 (link); Shafaroodi et al., 2004 (link); Srisai et al., 2017 (link)) was dissolved in 100% Tocrisolve 100 (Tocris). The FAAH inhibitor URB597 (5 ng/μl, Sigma-Aldrich) (Haller et al., 2009 (link)) was dissolved in 5% DMSO and 95% normal saline solution. MAGL inhibitor JZL184 (2 μg/μl, Tocris) (Folkes et al., 2020 (link)) was dissolved in 1:1 DMSO and Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich) and diluted by the normal saline solution to 2% DMSO and 2% Tween 80. The CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (2.5 ng/μl, Cayman) (Shen et al., 2019 (link)) was dissolved in 25% DMSO and 75% normal saline solution. Drug doses were based on the literature and on pilot experiments. Solutions were freshly prepared and were administrated at a volume of 0.1 ml for the intraperitoneal injection and 0.8 μl per side for the infusion into the vHip and dorsal striatum.

Chang C.H., Liu Y.C., Sun C.Y., Su C.L, & Gean P.W. (2021). Regulation of stress-provoked aggressive behavior using endocannabinoids. Neurobiology of Stress, 15, 100337.

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Autism-Inducing Prenatal VPA Treatment

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VPA (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was dissolved in saline at a concentration of 250 mg ml⁻¹ and administered at a dose (500 mg kg⁻¹) and time (gestational day 12.5) that have been shown to induce autistic-like behavioral changes in the offspring.^{41 (link)}The anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor URB597 (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) was dissolved in 5% Tween 80/5% polyethylene glycol/saline and administered intraperitoneally either 2 h (for the behavioral tests performed at adolescence and adulthood) or 30 min (for the behavioral tests performed at infancy) before testing. Drug dose and pre-treatment intervals were based on literature,^{29 (link), 35 (link), 37 (link), 38 (link), 42 (link)} and on pilot experiments. The solutions were administered in a volume of 2.5 ml kg⁻¹ at infancy, 2 ml kg⁻¹ at adolescence and 1 ml kg⁻¹ at adulthood.

Servadio M., Melancia F., Manduca A., di Masi A., Schiavi S., Cartocci V., Pallottini V., Campolongo P., Ascenzi P, & Trezza V. (2016). Targeting anandamide metabolism rescues core and associated autistic-like symptoms in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid. Translational Psychiatry, 6(9), e902-.

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Endocannabinoid Receptor Ligand Preparation

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All endocannabinoids were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK) and dissolved in ethanol to a stock concentration of 10 mM, except 2-AG which was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and dissolved in acetonitrile. AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP_8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK). All were dissolved to a stock solution of 10 mM.

Hind W.H., Tufarelli C., Neophytou M., Anderson S.I., England T.J, & O'Sullivan S.E. (2015). Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology, 172(12), 3015-3027.

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Cannabinoid compounds administration

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URB597 (Sigma Aldrich) and URB937 (Cayman Chemical) were dissolved in 18:1:1 normal saline:PEG400:Tween80 (Sigma Aldrich) and administered to mice via intraperitoneal injection at a dosage of 0.1–1mg/kg bodyweight four hours prior to behavioral testing or sacrifice.

Markey L., Hooper A., Melon L.C., Baglot S., Hill M.N., Maguire J, & Kumamoto C.A. (2020). Colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans perturbs the gut-brain axis through dysregulation of endocannabinoid signaling. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 121, 104808.

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Optimization of AC Inhibitor Assays

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For FD, FD/AC, HEK293, HeLa T-REX, and ASAH2^(−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and melanoma cell lines, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, FBS, penicillin/streptomycin solution, nonessential amino acids, tetracycline, and puromycin were from Sigma. Zeocin was from Genaxxon Bioscience, lasticidin was from CalBiochem, and hygromicin B was from Invitrogen. For AML cell lines, RPMI-1640 medium and FBS were obtained from Corning (ref. 10-040) and VWR (ref. 97068-085), respectively. Recombinant human NC (rhNC) was obtained from R&D Systems. URB597 was from Sigma-Aldrich (ref. 341249), and ARN726 was from Tocris (ref. 5861). Primary antibodies used were AC (BD Biosciences, ref. 612302; Research Resource Identifier [RRID]: AB_399617) and β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology, ref. 3700; RRID: AB_2242334). Secondary antibody used was HRP-linked horse anti-mouse (Cell Signaling Technology, ref. 7076; RRID: AB_330924). All antibodies were prepared as per the recommended manufacturer’s protocol. SACLAC and SOCLAC were synthesized in our laboratories. Since both are irreversible AC inhibitors with similar activities (supplemental Fig. S1), they were used interchangeably in this work.

Casasampere M., Ung J., Iñáñez A., Dufau C., Tsuboi K., Casas J., Tan S.F., Feith D.J., Andrieu-Abadie N., Segui B., Loughran TP J.r., Abad J.L, & Fabrias G. (2024). A fluorogenic substrate for the detection of lipid amidases in intact cells. Journal of Lipid Research, 65(3), 100520.

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Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Pathways

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L-BMAA, URB597, anti-ANP32e (SAB2100124), iodoacetamide, amoniumbicarbonate and urea were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Anti-GSK-3α/β (sc-7291) and anti-GAPDH (sc-32233) and anti-Sec61a (sc-12322) were from Santa Cruz. Sequence grade trypsin was from Promega. Acetonitrile (ACN), water and trifluoretic acid (TFA) were all HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Frøyset A.K., Khan E.A, & Fladmark K.E. (2016). Quantitative proteomics analysis of zebrafish exposed to sub-lethal dosages of β-methyl-amino-L-alanine (BMAA). Scientific Reports, 6, 29631.

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