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5 protocols using phospho myosin light chain 2 ser19 antibody

1

Protein Phosphorylation Regulation in Cells

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Protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor (Calyculin A), protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89), and adenylyl cyclase inhibitor (SQ22,536) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The following primary antibodies were used for western blotting: myosin light chain 2 antibody (#3672; Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Ser19) antibody (#3671; Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Thr18/Ser19) antibody (#3674; Cell Signaling Technology), myosin light chain 2 antibody (#3672; Cell Signaling Technology), GAPDH antibody (#AM4300; Ambion, TX, USA), MYPT1 antibody (#2634; Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-MYPT1 (Thr696) antibody (#5163; Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-MYPT1 (Thr853) antibody (#4563; Cell Signaling Technology), RhoA antibody (#ARH03; Cytoskeleton, CO, USA), and phospho-RhoA (Ser188) antibody (#AB41435; Abcam, Cambridge, UK). MRLC stained by phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Ser19) antibody is denoted as 1P-MRLC, and MRLC stained by phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Thr18/Ser19) antibody is denoted as 2P-MRLC.
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2

Ciona Embryo Immunofluorescence Staining

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Ciona embryos were fixed with stationary liquid [19 (link)] (100 mM HEPES, pH = 6.9; 100 mM EGTA, pH = 7.0; 10 mM MgSO4; 2% formaldehyde; 0.1% glutaraldehyde; 300 mM dextrose; and 0.2% Triton X-100) for 40 min at room temperature. After three washes with PBS, the embryos were incubated in PBST (PBS with 0.1% Triton X-100) for 30 min to achieve permeabilization. Then, the embryos were treated with 0.1% sodium borohydride in PBS for 20 min at room temperature. Next, a 1:250 dilution of phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Ser19) antibody (#3671; Cell Signaling) was added and incubated at room temperature for 24 h. After three washes with PBS, a 1:200 dilution of Alexa Fluor 568 anti-Rabbit IgG (A11011; Invitrogen) was added and incubated for 48 h at room temperature. As needed for cell boundary visualizing, a 1:200 dilution of Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin (A12379; Invitrogen) was added. Finally, after three washes, the embryos were coated with mounting medium with DAPI and mounted for further observation.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cytoskeletal Proteins

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Adherent and non-adherent cells were fixed with a solution of 4% paraformaldehyde in 1X PBS for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 20 min. The cells were then blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 1X PBS (PBS-2% BSA) at room temperature for 1 h, incubated with primary antibodies for paxillin (recombinant anti-paxillin antibody [Y113], Abcam ab32084; 1:250 dilution) and myosin [phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Ser19) antibody, Cell Signaling Technologies® (# 3671); 1:250 dilution] in PBS-2% BSA for 48 h at 4  ° C. The sample was incubated fo0r 48 h at 4  ° C for secondary antibodies Alexa Fluor 647 (donkey anti-rabbit, Abcam ab 150075, 1:500 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 555 [anti-mouse IgG (H + L), F(ab )2 fragment, 1:500 dilution]. Phalloidin staining was performed with Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin (Life Technologies; 1:200) diluted in PBS with 2% BSA for 48 h at 4°C. Images were taken with 2X (air), 40X, and 60X oil immersion objective. Analysis was performed with ImageJ and Imaris (Bitplane).
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4

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Cytoskeletal Proteins

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Cells were fixed with a solution of 4% paraformaldehyde in 1× PBS for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 20 min. The cells were then blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 1× PBS (PBS-2% BSA) at room temperature for 1 h, incubated with primary antibodies for Paxillin (Recombinant Anti-Paxillin antibody [Y113], Abcam ab32084; 1:250 dilution) and Myosin (Phospho-Myosin Light Chain 2 [Ser19] Antibody, Cell Signaling Technologies [#3671]; 1:250 dilution) in PBS-2% BSA for 48 h at 4°C. The sample was incubated for 48 h at 4°C for secondary antibodies Alexa Fluor 647 (Donkey anti-Rabbit, Abcam ab 150075, 1:500 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 555 (Anti-mouse IgG (H+L), F(ab’)2 Fragment, 1:500 dilution). Phalloidin staining was performed with Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin (Life Technologies; 1:200) diluted in PBS with 2% BSA for 48 h at 4°C. Images were taken with 2× (air), 40×, and 60× oil-immersion objective. Analysis was performed with ImageJ and Imaris (Bitplane).
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5

Immunostaining of fMLP Receptor and Signaling

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For immunostaining, cells were fixed in ice-cold 3.7% paraformaldehyde in intracellular buffer (140 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 2 mM EGTA, 320 mM sucrose, and 20 mM HEPES with pH 7.5) for 45 min on ice. For imaging fMLP internalization, cells were washed with acid buffer (500 mM Glycine in mHBSS, pH = 2.7) prior to fixation. After washing and permeabilization with 1% Triton X-100, cells were then blocked in intracellular buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin for 1 hr, before incubating with primary antibody overnight at 4 °C. On the second day, after washed six times with PBS, samples were incubated with secondary antibody along with rhodamine-phalloidin (PHDR1, Cytoskeleton, CO) and DAPI (D9542, Sigma-Aldrich, MO) for 3 hours at room temperature at manufacturer's recommended concentrations. Cells were imaged after washing with PBS.
In immunostaining experiments, we have used the following antibodies: AF647 mouse – α-human fMLP receptor (565623, BD Biosciences, CA), phospho-myosin light chain2 (Ser19) antibody (#3675, Cell Signaling Technology, MA), α-tubulin antibody (#2144, Cell Signaling Technology, MA), clathrin antibody [X22] (ab2731, Abcam, MA), β-arrestin-1/2 antibody (sc-74591, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX).
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