Smz 168 series

Manufactured by Motic

Sourced in Hong Kong, China

The Motic SMZ-168 Series is a stereo microscope designed for a wide range of applications. It features a zoom range of 0.7x to 4.5x, providing versatile magnification capabilities. The microscope is equipped with a stable, ergonomic design and a coaxial focusing mechanism for precise control during observation.

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SMZ-168 (51 citations) SMZ 168 Series microscope (6 citations)

8 protocols using smz 168 series

Microplastic Identification and Characterization

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All samples on the filter membrane were observed under a stereo microscope (SMZ-168 SERIES; MOTIC, Xiamen, China), and images were obtained with a SONY DSC-RX10M2 digital camera. The microplastics were classified and counted according to their morphological characteristics, colour, and size (Zhang et al., 2021 (link)).
Samples suspected to be microplastics that were representative of each group were randomly selected, and their surface structures were tested for polymer types using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (IRTracer-100; SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan). The detector spectral range was 600–4,000 cm⁻¹, co-adding 16 scans at a resolution of 8 cm⁻¹ (Zhang et al., 2021 (link)). The resulting atlas was compared to the IR polymer spectral library (ATR-Polymer2, IRs Polymer2, T-Polymer2, and Shimadzu Standard Library), with only readings at a confidence level of 70% or higher being considered reliable and accepted.

Zhang T., Lin L., Li D., Wang J., Liu Y., Li R., Wu S, & Shi H. (2022). Microplastic pollution at Qilianyu, the largest green sea turtle nesting grounds in the northern South China Sea. PeerJ, 10, e13536.

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Evaluating Fertility of C. cunea Females

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A previous study indicated that the eggs of newly emerged females of C. cunea parasitizing Chinese oak silkworm pupae were nearly matured³⁷. Therefore, the fertility of C. cunea females was evaluated by assessing the number of all eggs carried by each adult female immediately after emergence. For all tested ages of parasitized T. molitor pupae, 10 newly emerged C. cunea adult females were randomly selected for each replicate. The collected parasitoids were then dissected under a stereomicroscope (SMZ-168 series, Motic, China) to count the number of eggs per C. cunea female⁴⁰. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. A total of 40 adult females emerged from each host age were examined.

Li T.H., Che P.F., Yang X., Song L.W., Zhang C.R., Benelli G., Desneux N, & Zang L.S. (2019). Optimized pupal age of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) enhanced mass rearing efficiency of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Scientific Reports, 9, 3229.

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Concrete Microstructure Analysis

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A microscope (SMZ-168 series, Motic, Hong Kong) was used to examine the microstructure and measure the pores diameter at the internal fracture surface of the concrete cylinders. Moreover, the porosity of tested specimens was analysed using the Gwyddion software (Figure 7).

Abousnina R., Premasiri S., Anise V., Lokuge W., Vimonsatit V., Ferdous W, & Alajarmeh O. (2021). Mechanical Properties of Macro Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Concrete. Polymers, 13(23), 4112.

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Superoxide Detection in Plant Leaves

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The leaves were first cut in 1 in square and dissected into a small slice under a stereomicrosopy (Motic SMZ-168 Series; Motic, Hong-Kong, China). The slide was put on glass slide. For superoxide analysis, samples were incubated in 5 μM MitoSOX Red in darkness for 30 min at room temperature. After three washes, the plant tissues were immediately imaged with a Leica SP8 confocal laser-scanning microscope (SP8) with the excitation/emission at 405/516-580 nm (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) equipped with an HC PL CS2 20×/0.75.

Geremew A., Carson L., Woldesenbet S., Wang H., Reeves S., Brooks N J.r., Saganti P., Weerasooriya A, & Peace E. (2023). Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Carya illinoinensis leaf extract on growth and antioxidant properties of mustard (Brassica juncea). Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1108186.

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Electrochemical Biosensor for Glucose Detection

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Alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris (10–40 units/mg protein), o-Phenylenediamine (o-PD), potassium phosphate monobasic (KH₂PO₄), and potassium phosphate dibasic (K₂HPO₄), sodium chloride, potassium chloride, D-(+)- Glucose, sucrose, sodium gluconate, chitosan, Nafion®, acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, uric acid, bovine serum albumin, calcium chloride anhydrous and magnesium sulfate anhydrous were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and ethyl alcohol was obtained from Decon Labs. Electrochemical measurements were conducted using a CH Instrument potentiostat (model 1232, Austin, TX, USA) connected to a PC, was employed for the electrochemical studies. Optical images were recorded by an optical microscope (Motic SMZ-168 Series) coupled with a digital camera (Nikon, D7000).

Vinu Mohan A.M., Windmiller J.R., Mishra R.K, & Wang J. (2017). Continuous minimally-invasive alcohol monitoring using microneedle sensor arrays. Biosensors & bioelectronics, 91, 574-579.

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Fungal Specimen Examination and Documentation

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Examination of external structures of the fungal specimens were made using a Motic SMZ 168 Series stereo-microscope (Motic Asia, Kowloon, Hong Kong). Micro-morphological characters were examined and evaluated following the protocols provided by Wanasinghe et al. [10 (link)]. Macroscopic images of colonies were documented using an iPhone XS Max (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) with daylight. Photoplates and images were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA).

Wanasinghe D.N, & Mortimer P.E. (2022). Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Insights into Novel Ascomycota from Forest Woody Litter. Biology, 11(6), 889.

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Microscopic Characterization of Fungal Structures

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To examine the ascomata, conidiophores, and conidia from natural substrates, we rehydrated them with tap water and viewed them using a Motic SMZ 168 series stereo-microscope (Motic Asia, Kowloon, Hong Kong). Morphological characteristics were evaluated by hand-sectioning sporocarps placed on water-mounted glass slides. We assessed various characteristics such as the diameter, height, color, and shape of the ascomata/conidiomata, as well as the width of the peridium and the height and diameter of the ostioles. Microscopic photography was carried out using a Nikon ECLIPSE Ni (Nikon Corporation, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan) compound microscope with differential interference contrast (DIC) and phase contrast (PC) illumination. Images of microscopic structures were captured using a Canon EOS 600D (Canon Inc., Ota, Tokyo, Japan) camera. Additionally, macroscopic images of colonies were documented using an iPhone XS Max (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) in daylight. We used the Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work program to measure dimensions, and images used for figures were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA).

Wanasinghe D.N, & Maharachchikumbura S.S. (2023). Exploring the Diversity and Systematics of Phaeosphaeriaceae: Taxonomic Novelties from Ecologically Diverse Habitats and Their Phylogenetic Resolution. Journal of Fungi, 9(8), 853.

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Copper Exposure Effects on Fertilized Eggs

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In each location, we used a Corning® plate (24-well) initially placed with successive diluted solutions of Cu were fertilised eggs were immersed. We consequently monitored all fertilised eggs (duplicates of 15 fertilised eggs for each treatment) during the following stages of exposure for observable sub-lethal effect and mortality. The duration of Cu exposure was 96 hours. The Corning® plates (24-well) were semi Asian J Agric & Biol. 2020;8(2):119-128 immersed/floating in aquarium tanks where the temperature remained constant at 30 °C using a temperature-controlled system with automatic thermostats. In the first 48 hours, observations and recordings took place every 6 hours, while in the next 48 hours they took place every 12 hours using a digital camera (Motic B 1 series, Motic China Group Co,) and a stereoscope (Motic SMZ-168 series, Motic China Group Co) with a built-in camera. We measured the anatomical features to the nearest 1 mm. Total length (TL) and estimated the yolk sack volume from samples obtained at 25, 50, and 75 hours after fertilisation (n = 6 from each group). We calculated the yolk sack volume (V) in accordance to the ellipsis equation:

Gouva E. (2020). Reduced metabolic rate and increased heart beat as early signs of sub lethal Copper toxicity in developing Zebrafish. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(2), 119-128.

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