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2 7 bis 2 carboxyethyl 5 and 6 carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester bcecf am

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2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) is a fluorescent dye used for measuring intracellular pH in live cells. It is a cell-permeant, pH-sensitive fluorescent probe that can be loaded into cells to monitor changes in intracellular pH.

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4 protocols using 2 7 bis 2 carboxyethyl 5 and 6 carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester bcecf am

1

Quantitative Assay for Monocyte-Endothelial Adhesion

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Cell-cell adhesion was performed as previously described (8 (link), 32 (link)–35 (link)). Confluent HUVEC monolayers were used and MNC adhesion to them was assessed. HUVEC monolayers were stimulated, where indicated, with TNF (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. In the experiments with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Del-1 in HUVEC, endothelial cells were transfected with control siRNA or Del-1 siRNA 48 h prior to the experiments. MNC were stained with Cell Tracker Green-CMFDA (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oregon) or with 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oregon) and after detachment with trypsin, cells were resuspended in RPMI 1640 with 0.05 % bovine serum albumin. A total of 100,000 cells MNC/well (in 100 μL RPMI 1640 with 0.05 % albumin) was added to the HUVEC monolayers and after incubation for 20 minutes at 37°C, the plates were washed with warm RPMI 1640 to remove non-adherent cells. Adherent cells were quantified in triplicates with a fluorescence plate reader (Synergy HT, Biotek, Germany).
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2

Molecular Mechanisms in Cellular Signaling

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DMEM/F-12 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), TRIzol reagent and PLUS-Lipofectamine were from Invitrogen (Carsbad, CA, USA). Hybond C membrane and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system were from GE Healthcare Biosciences (Buckinghamshire, UK). Anti-ICAM-1, anti-GAPDH, anti-PKCδ, anti-PYK2, anti-p47phox, and anti-p65 antibodies were from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-phospho-PKCδ, anti-phospho-PYK2, and anti-phospho-p65 antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Actinomycin D (Act. D), cycloheximide (CHI), GP antagonist-2 (GPA2), GP antagonist-2A (GPA2A), Rottlerin, PF431396, Bay11-7082, Edaravone, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), and apocynin (APO) were from Biomol (Plymouth Meetings, PA, USA). S1P was from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Luciferase assay kit was from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). SDS-PAGE reagents were from MDBio Inc (Taipei, Taiwan). 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and 2′,7′-Bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF/AM) were from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). All other reagents were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Fluorescent Probe Characterization

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All chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), unless stated otherwise. Fluorescent probes Fura-4F, Fura-4FAM, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM) and 2′,7′-Bis-(2-Carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester (BCECFAM) were purchased from Life Technologies (Eugene, OR, USA).
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction Analysis Protocols

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Nigericin, Triton X-100, sodium citrate, HEPES, Penicillin-Streptomycin, pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), zinc bisglycinate, n-acetyl-cysteine, water and all the culture medium compounds were purchased by Sigma Chemical Company (Milan, Italy) and cell culture tested.
(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate/glucosamine salt (5MTHF) and methylcobalamin (reduced vitamin B12) were kindly provided by Parthenogen, Switzerland. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1), 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3,butadienyl)4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-33-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY581/591), 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxy-fluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and dihydroethidium (DHE) were obtained from Life Technologies (Milan, Italy).
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