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6 protocols using poly vinyl alcohol pva

1

Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Composition

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Photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959, 98%, Mw = 224 25 g mol−1 Sigma Aldrich), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, Mw ≈ 130 kg mol−1, 86.5–89.5 mol% hydrolysis, Vetec), hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA, cosmetic grade, Symbios, Mw > 1.6 MDa, d-glucuronic acid ≥45%, bacterial), maleic anhydride (MA, Mw ≈ 98 g mol−1, 98%, Dinâmica), saline phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4 ± 0.2, Dinâmica), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Oregon, USA), calcein AM (component A) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Oregon, USA), ethidium homodimer-1 (component B) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Oregon, USA), were used without further purification.
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2

Polymer-Based Drug Delivery System

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Manidipine dihydrochloride (MAN) (Zi Bo Riyuexin Chemical Industrial, Shandong, China), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (Mw = 70,000–90,000 g·mol−1, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), poly(3-hidroxybutirate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) (Mw = 380,000 g·mol−1, 8.70 mol% hydroxyvalerate, Biocycle L110, PHB Industrial, Serrana, Brazil), polysorbate 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Mw = 72,000 g·mol−1, 88.5 mol% of hydrolysis, Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were used as received. All reagents and solvents were of analytical grade.
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3

Adapalene-Loaded PCL/PVA Nanofibers

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Adapalene (ADAP, 99.13% pure, Fagron S.A., Rotterdam, Netherlands), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (Mw 10.000 g.mol–1, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Mw 72.000 g.mol–1, 88.5 mol% of hydrolysis, Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80, Delaware, Porto Alegre, Brazil) were used as received. The other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade. Strat-M membrane was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).
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4

Characterization of Phytol Diterpene Formulation

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The 1,3-distearyl-2-oleyl-glycerol (TG1) was donated by the Federal University of Piauí (Teresina, Brazil). The use of plant material was conducted under authorization from the National System for Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (SISGEN) no. ACB9C9D. Phytol diterpene was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil). The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), having a viscosity molecular mass of 4.7 × 104 g/mol, was obtained from Vetec (São Paulo, Brazil). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and Alamar blue were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil). The purified water (1.3 μS) was prepared from a reverse osmosis purification equipment model OS50 LX (Gehaka, São Paulo, Brazil). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
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5

Characterization of Ferulic Acid-Polymer Composites

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Ferulic acid 99.80% (FA, Suzhou Leader Chemical Co. Ltda., Suzhou, China), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) ( Mw- = 70000–90000 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), poly(3-hidroxybutirate-co-3-hidroxyvalerate) (PHBV) ( Mw- = 380000 g/mol, 8.70 mol% hydroxyvalerate, Biocycle L110, PHB Industrial, Serrana, Brazil), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ( Mw- = 72000 g/mol, 88.5 mol% of hydrolysis, Vetec, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were used as received. As an internal standard, trans-ferulic acid, matrix substance ≥99.0% (HPLC), was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade methanol was also provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water was purified in a Milli-Q Plus water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade.
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6

Investigating PVA-mediated Antifungal and Anti-inflammatory Effects

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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a hydrolysis degree of 89% and a molecular mass of 134 ± 4 kDa was obtained from Vetec, Brazil. The Candida albicans ATCC 10231 strain was obtained from the Universidade Católica Collection and was grown on liquid RPMI medium (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were purchased from the ATCC (TIB-71) and cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37 °C in 5% CO 2 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was obtained from InvivoGen. HUVECs ( primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Lonza) were cultured in endothelial basal medium 2 (EGM-2 BulletKit, Lonza) supplemented with growth factors (hFGF-β, hydrocortisone, VEGF, R3-IGF-1, ascorbic acid, heparin, FBS, hEGF).
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