The variables measured were resting HR, the average time between RR intervals (mean RR), which is inversely proportional to HR, and four HRV variables. Linear methods in time were applied to analyse HRV. In the time domain indexes, the variables analysed were the square root of the average of the square of the differences between normal adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) and standard deviation of the average of all normal RR intervals (SDNN). The Poincaré plot indexes were of the standard deviation of the instantaneous rate variability. The rhythm (SD1) and standard deviation of long-term continuous RR interval variability (SD2) were also analysed [32 (link)].
Kubios HRV Premium analysis software version 4.1.0 (Kubios, Biosignal Analysis and Medical Image Group Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Finland) [31 (link)] was used to analyse all the variables.