Safranine t

A PSF ultrafiltration support membrane with a MWCO around 20 000 g mol⁻¹ was purchased from Hunan Keensen, China. Monomers including TMC (>99.0%) and PIP (>99.5%) for interfacial polymerization were purchased from J&K Products Catalog. Methyl blue, semixylenol orange, safranine T and neutral red, used as the dye molecules to evaluate the separation performance of the membranes, were purchased from MACKLIN. Analytical standard bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Company and used as a model foulant. All other chemicals were analytical reagents and used directly without further purification.

Four-year-old Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) was obtained from Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. PF resin of 47.5 wt%, the viscosity of 40 cps, Mw of 919, and pH of 10.04 was supplied by the Beijing Dynea Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Safranine T (Macklin) and toluidine blue O (Macklin) were used as received.