Sodium chloride (nacl)

Manufactured by MP Biomedicals

Sourced in United States

NaCl is a laboratory reagent that is commonly used as a source of sodium and chloride ions. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. NaCl is a basic compound that is widely used in a variety of laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

14 protocols using sodium chloride (nacl)

Characterization of SH-SY5Y Cell Line

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Luria broth was purchased from
HiMedia; ampicillin, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), phenylmethylsulfonyl
fluoride (PMSF), MgCl₂, NaCl, disodium phosphate, and monopotassium
phosphate were purchased from MP. Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside
(IPTG), dithiothreitol (DTT), protease inhibitor cocktail, heparin,
and sodium azide were purchased from Calbiochem. 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), bicinchoninic acid (BCA),
bovine serum albumin, BES, MTT, and ThS were purchased from Sigma.
Copper grids with carbon type-B, with 400 mesh (01814-F) for TEM were
purchased form Ted Pella, Inc. SH-SY5Y cells were purchased from ATCC
(CRL-2266), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)-F12,
penicillin–streptomycin mixture, trypsin–ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Thermo Scientific
Pvt. Ltd.

Gorantla N.V., Sunny L.P., Rajasekhar K., Nagaraju P.G., CG P.P., Govindaraju T, & Chinnathambi S. (2021). Amyloid-β-Derived Peptidomimetics Inhibits Tau Aggregation. ACS Omega, 6(17), 11131-11138.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles

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1H-Pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride (21,678) was purchased from Chem-Impex International, 4-methoxyphenol (M0123) and triethylamine (TEA) (T0424) from TCI Chemicals, and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA·HCl) (21,200) from Polysciences, Inc. Anhydrous ethyl ether (EE) (E138-20), N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (D131-4), acetone (A18-20), methanol (A412-20), glacial acetic acid (A38C-212), HPLC grade acetonitrile (A998-4) and TFA (A116-10X1) were purchased from Fisher Chemical. 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (V501) (11590) and sodium hexametaphosphate (96%, 305553) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methacrylamide (MAA) (L15013) was from Alfa Aesar, deuterium oxide (DLM-4–100) from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., LiBr (151561) and NaCl (102892) from MP Biomedicals. Doxorubicin HCl (B0084-064210) was purchased from BOC Sciences. Iohexol (USP) and iopamidol (USP) were obtained from Divi’s Laboratories Limited. Tantalum (Ta) powder (TA-102) was purchased from Atlantic Equipment Engineers.

Stewart R.J., Sima M., Karz J, & Jones J.P. (2023). Material characterization of GPX®: A versatile in situ solidifying embolic platform technology. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1095148.

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Tau Aggregation Inhibition by Nanoparticles

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Soluble Tau protein (20 μM) was incubated in 20 mM BES buffer
pH 7.4 (Sigma) with 5 μM Heparin 17 500 Da (MP Biomedicals)
in the presence of 25 mM NaCl (MP Biomedicals), 1 mM DTT (Calbiochem),
protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), 0.01% sodium azide (MP Biomedicals),
and different concentrations of nanoparticles ranging from 0 to 1
mg/mL. The reaction mixtures were incubated at 37 °C.

Sonawane S.K., Ahmad A, & Chinnathambi S. (2019). Protein-Capped Metal Nanoparticles Inhibit Tau Aggregation in Alzheimer’s Disease. ACS Omega, 4(7), 12833-12840.

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Western Blot with Protein Extraction

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RbCl was obtained from Chem-Impex (#07221, Illinois, Wood Dale, IL, USA). TCA (#BP555), ECL kit (#34096), Trizol reagent (#15596026), 100X Halt™ phosphatase inhibitor Cocktail (#78420), RIPA buffer (#89900) were from Thermofisher Scientific (Massachusetts, Waltham, MA, USA). NaCl (#194848) and KCl (#194844) was obtained from MP Biomedicals (Ohio, Solon, OH, USA). Mannitol was from AppliChem (#142067.1210, Darmstadt, Germany). HEPES was obtained from Flow Laboratories (#15-884-15, California, Hyland Ave Costa Mesa, CA, USA). MgCl₂ was purchased from Honeywell (#63020, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA). Nonidet P-40 was obtained from Helicon (Am-E109, Moscow, Russia). Secondary anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated antibodies (#AP132P) were obtained from Millipore (California, Temecula, CA, USA). Quick-RNA MicroPrep microkit columns was obtained from Zymo Research (#R1051, California, Irvine, CA, USA). The ImProm-IITM Reverse Transcription System kit was obtained from Promega, (#A3800, Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA). QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit was obtained from Qiagen (#28704, Maryland, Germantown, MD, USA). Unless otherwise noted, all chemicals were of the purest grade.

Fedorov D.A., Sidorenko S.V., Yusipovich A.I., Parshina E.Y., Tverskoi A.M., Abramicheva P.A., Maksimov G.V., Orlov S.N., Lopina O.D, & Klimanova E.A. (2021). Na+i/K+i imbalance contributes to gene expression in endothelial cells exposed to elevated NaCl. Heliyon, 7(9), e08088.

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Alzheimer's Disease Protein Aggregation Study

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Baicalein, ThS, ANS, BES, and MTT were purchased from Sigma. Other reagents such as NaCl, Sodium azide, heparin, MgCl₂, EGTA and PMSF were obtained from MP Biomedicals. DTT was obtained from Calbiochem and protease inhibitor cocktail was purchased from Roche. pan-Tau K9JA was purchased from Dako (A-0024) and secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to HRP was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (A16110). Hybond-PVDF 10600087 membrane 0.45 μm was obtained from Amersham Biosciences. The neuroblastoma N2a (ATCC: CCL-131 Neuro-2a Neuroblastoma mouse) cells were purchased from ATCC. The cell culture reagents were purchased form Invitrogen. 400 carbon coated copper grids were purchased from Ted Pella (01822-F). 10 mM and 1 mM stock solutions of Baicalein were prepared in ethanol. 12.5 mM mother stock of ThS was prepared in 1:1 ethanol: miliQ water, which was further diluted to 200 μM stock in filtered miliQ water. ANS was prepared as 10 mM stock in filtered miliQ.

Sonawane S.K., Uversky V.N, & Chinnathambi S. (2021). Baicalein inhibits heparin-induced Tau aggregation by initializing non-toxic Tau oligomer formation. Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 19, 16.

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Protein Purification Using Chromatography

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In this work, many reagents and chemicals (human and bovine serum albumin, human milk lactoferrin, and human lysozyme) were parched from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Histones H1, H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 of calf thymus were from Sigma (product number 10223565001, St. Louis, MO, USA). MBP was from the Department of Biotechnology, Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy (Moscow, Russia). Various reagents: NaCl, CaCl₂, MgCl₂, MnCl₂, CuCl₂, CoCl₂, FeSO₄, NiSO₄, ZnSO₄, 2-Amino-2- (hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol (Tris), 2-morpholin-4-ylethanesulfonic acid (MES), 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS), Triton X-100, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), dithiothreitol (DTT) were from MP Biomedicals (Eschwege, Germany). Protein-G-Sepharose and Superdex 200 HR 10/30 chromatographic columns were from GE Healthcare (GE Healthcare, New York, NY, USA).

Ermakov E.A., Parshukova D.A., Nevinsky G.A, & Buneva V.N. (2020). Natural Catalytic IgGs Hydrolyzing Histones in Schizophrenia: Are They the Link between Humoral Immunity and Inflammation?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(19), 7238.

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Reagents for Biomolecular Analysis

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Luria–Bertani broth (Himedia); Ampicillin, Heparin, NaCl, Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), MgCl_2, Sodium azide, APS, DMSO, Ethanol (Mol Bio grade), Chloroform, Isopropanol (Mol Bio grade) were purchased from MP biomedicals; IPTG and Dithiothreitol (DTT) from Calbiochem; EGCG, ThS, ANS, Glycine, MES, BES, SDS, MTT from Sigma; EGTA, Tris base, 40% Acrylamide, TEMED from Invitrogen. Protease inhibitor cocktail was purchased from Roche. For cell culture studies, Dulbecco modified eagle’s media (DMEM), Fetal bovine Serum (FBS), Phosphate buffer saline (PBS, cell biology grade), Trypsin–EDTA, Penicillin–streptomycin were purchased from Invitrogen.

Sonawane S.K., Chidambaram H., Boral D., Gorantla N.V., Balmik A.A., Dangi A., Ramasamy S., Marelli U.K, & Chinnathambi S. (2020). EGCG impedes human Tau aggregation and interacts with Tau. Scientific Reports, 10, 12579.

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Molecular Techniques for Protein Analysis

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Hepes, Tris, KCl, NaCl, sodium phosphate, synthetic defined medium -Leu-Trp-His (SD medium), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), and IPTG were purchased from MP Biomedicals, and LB broth and LB agar were obtained from HiMedia. Anti-flagellin and anti-GroEL antibodies were purchased from Abcam. The remaining chemicals used were of molecular biology grade and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

Pradhan P., Taviti A.C, & Beuria T.K. (2024). The bacterial division protein MinDE has an independent function in flagellation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 300(4), 107117.

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Limonoid Extraction and Characterization

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MES, heparin, BES, BSA, BCA, CuSO₄, ThS and ANS were purchased from Sigma. IPTG and DTT were purchased from Calbiochem. Other chemicals such as ampicillin, NaCl, KCl, Na₂HPO₄, KH₂PO₄, EGTA, MgCl₂, PMSF, ammonium acetate were from MP and protease inhibitor cocktail was from Rosche. Dulbecco modified Eagle’s media (DMEM), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Penicillin-Streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (Thermo fisher Scientific), and MTT (Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) was purchased from Sigma. The basic limonoids used here were isolated from fruit of A. indica. These compounds were characterized and well matched with that of reported data³⁵.

Gorantla N.V., Das R., Chidambaram H., Dubey T., Mulani F.A., Thulasiram H.V, & Chinnathambi S. (2020). Basic Limonoid modulates Chaperone-mediated Proteostasis and dissolve Tau fibrils. Scientific Reports, 10, 4023.

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Biochemical Assays and Cell Culture Reagents

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MES (M3671), BSA (9048-46-8), BES (10191-18-1), BCA (B9643), CuSO4 (C2284), ThS (T1892), MTT (M2128) and Rose Bengal (330000) were purchased from Sigma. IPTG (420322) and DTT (3870) were purchased from Calbiochem. Other chemicals such as Ampicillin (2007081), NaCl (194848), KCl (194844), Na₂HPO₄ (191437), KH₂PO₄ (19142), EGTA (194823), MgCl₂ (191421), PMSF (195381), Ammonium acetate (191404), Heparin (904108) and DMSO were from purchased from MP biomedicals and protease inhibitor cocktail was from Roche (11697498001). Copper coated carbon grids were purchased from Ted Pella (01814.F, carbon type-B, 400 mesh Cu), DMEM advanced F12 media (12634010), Fetal Bovine Serum (16000044), Pensterp cocktail (04693159001) and Anti-anti (15240062) were purchased from Gibco. Tubulin (Thermo PA1-41331), actin (Thermo MA5-15739) were procured from thermo, total Tau antibody K9JA was purchased from Dako (K9JA, Dako A0024). The secondary antibodies Alexa Fluor 488 (A11034) and Alexa Fluor 555 (A32727) were purchased from thermo.

Dubey T., Gorantla N.V., Chandrashekara K.T, & Chinnathambi S. (2020). Photodynamic exposure of Rose-Bengal inhibits Tau aggregation and modulates cytoskeletal network in neuronal cells. Scientific Reports, 10, 12380.

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