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182 protocols using absolute ethanol

1

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Biomolecules

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Ammonium hydroxide (28–30%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 96%), ethanol absolute (99.7%), silver nitrate (99.5%), tetrachloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl4·4H2O, 47.8%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, ≈36–38%), ethanol absolute (99.7%), sodium chloride (99.5%), FeCl3•6H2O (>97%), trisodium citrate (>99%), sodium acetate (>99%), methanol (99.8%), acetonitrile (99.5%), and ethylene glycol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 40 kDa), phenylalanine (Phe, 98%), BSA, Pluronic F127, 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), alpha‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), IA (98%), and cholest‐5‐ene were ordered from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phenylacetaldehyde (Phen, 95%), OA (99%), and ascorbic acid (99%) were ordered from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). AA (97%) was bought from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Heptacosanoic acid (98%) was purchased from TCI Development Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). [2H5]‐Phe and [2H5]‐Tyr was bought from Cambridge Isotope Labs (America). All aqueous solutions throughout the experiments were prepared with deionized water (18.2 MΩ·cm, Milli‐Q, Millipore, GmbH).
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2

Characterizing Macrophage Activation and Inflammation

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Main instruments: Vernier caliper (Meinaite, Germany), Ultrasound imaging equipment (Vevo 3100), dehydrator, embedding machine, slicer, spreader (Leica, Germany), automatic tissue scanner (VS120, Olympus).
Main reagents: Cynarin (Chengdu Pufei De Biotechnology, 17041106), xylene (Sinopharm, 10023418), Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Sinopharm. 10009617), 75%Ethanol (Sinopharm, 80176961), Absolute ethanol (Sinopharm, 10009218), Hematoxylin(sigma, H3136), Eosin Y (sigma, E4009), Monosodium Urate (sigma, U2875), Bovine Serum Albumin (Aladdin, B265994),Anti-F4/80 antibody (Abcam, ab6640), Macrophage-stimulating factor (MCSF) (Peprotech, 315–02), Anti-iNOS antibody (Abcam, ab3523), VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium with DAPI (Vectorlabs, H-1200), Trypsin antigen repair solution (Leagene Biotechnology, IH0310), Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo laboratories, CK04), PrimeScript™ RT Reagent Kit (TaKaRa, RR037A), qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (YESEN, 11201ES03), p-p65 antibody (CST, 3033), p65 antibody (CST, 8242), GAPDH antibody (sigma, G9545), p-p38 antibody (CST, 4511), p-IKKa/β antibody (CST, 2697),Anti-rabbit antibody (CST, 7074), p-JNK antibody (CST, 4668), p-ERK1/2 antibody (CST, 4370), Caspase 1/p20/p10 antibody (Proteintech, 22915-1-AP), Anti-NLRP3 antibody (Abcam, ab263899), Anti-IL-1β antibody (Abcam, ab200478).
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3

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces

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SiO2 (AEROSIL® R974, the density of silanols on the surface 0.39/nm2, average diameter ≈ 12 nm (ref. 37 )) was obtained from Evonik Degussa. PDMS (Sylgard® 184) was purchased from Dow Corning. PVDF (Solef® 1015) was obtained from Solvay. KH-550, toluene, magnesium sulfate, absolute ethanol, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and ammonia were obtained from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The adhesive tape, copper mesh (100 mesh) and sandpaper (1500 mesh) were obtained from local stores. The copper meshes were cut into rectangle (3.5 cm × 4.0 cm) pieces and rinsed with ethanol before use. Other materials were used as received.
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4

Synthesis of Potassium Titanium Oxalate

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Potassium titanium oxalate (K2TiO(C2O4)2) was purchased from Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) and nitric acid (HNO3, 65%) were provided by Jiangsu Tongsheng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Wuxi, China). Absolute ethanol was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2•3H2O), absolute ethanol, sodium chloride (NaCl), APS, and (NH4)2S2O8 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. 2‐aminoethanol (NH2‐CH2CH2OH), 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, H3BTC), and aniline (>98%) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. PVDF membrane with a pore size ca. 220 nm and porosity of 70% were purchased from Whatman International Ltd. Ultrapure water of 18.2 MΩ produced by a Millipore Direct‐Q system was used throughout the experiments.
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6

Bacterial Growth Optimization Protocol

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The MH broth, MH agar, and TSB broth were purchased from Beijing Luqiao Technology Co., Ltd. The Crystal violet was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, United States, while the absolute ethanol and acetone were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
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7

Synthesis of Ceria-Supported Palladium Catalysts

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Polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide block copolymer (P123) and glycerol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. CeCl3·7H2O, aqueous ammonia (28 wt%), absolute ethanol, PdCl2, and NaBH4 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. NaI and dimethyl acetamide were purchased from Macklin. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles

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All materials were used as received. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ammonia solution (28%), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), citric acid, acetic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), absolute ethanol, glutaraldehyde, crystal violet, Coomassie blue, and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (China). Poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH; Mw: 17,500), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB; Mw: 364.45), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Tris-buffered saline (TBS), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), cetylpyridinium chloride, agar, sucrose, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), paraformaldehyde, dexamethasone, β-phosphoglycerol, Vitamin-C, polyformaldehyde, penicillin/streptomycin, and Triton X-100 were obtained from MilliporeSigma (USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and α-modified essential medium (α-MEM) were supplied by Gibco (Australia) and HyClone (USA), respectively.
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9

Synthesis of Transition Metal Carbonates

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Methacrylic acid (MA, ≥99%), cobalt carbonate (CoCO3, 99.9%) and basic cupric carbonate (Cu2(OH)2CO3, 99.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China); absolute ethanol (EtOH, ≥99.7%) and tert-Butanol (TBA, 99%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); the water used in the experiments was deionized with the resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm−1. MA was distilled before use and other chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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10

Sichuan Fermentation Ingredient Sourcing

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The SCP liquid was provided by farmers in western Sichuan (Qionglai), eastern Sichuan (Nanchong) and southern Sichuan (Yibin). The peptone and yeast extract powder were purchased from Beijing Aobo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) Concentrated sulfuric acid, glucose, maltose, sodium hydroxide, and absolute ethanol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
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