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Krytox 157fsh

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Krytox 157FSH is a fluorinated grease product manufactured by DuPont. It is a synthetic lubricant designed for use in high-performance applications that require superior lubrication, thermal stability, and chemical resistance.

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Lab products found in correlation

Polyethylene glycol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Pluronic f68, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Krytox157 fsh, by 3M (1 mentions) Anhydrous dichloromethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Oxalyl chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hfe 7500, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pluronic f 68, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Novec 7500, by 3M (1 mentions) Q55 with cl 188 immersion probe, by Qsonica (1 mentions) Resorufin sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hfe 7500, by 3M (1 mentions) Rhodamine 6g, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Polyethylene oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

7 protocols using krytox 157fsh

1

Formulation and Characterization of Dual-Emulsions

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Double emulsions (W1/PFC/W2) were prepared with PFP or PFH as the PFC phase by modifying a previous method (Fabiilli et al. 2010 (link)). A triblock fluorosurfactant, consisting of Krytox 157FSH (CAS# 51798-33-5, DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA) and polyoxyethylene glycol (MW: 1000 g/mol, CAS#: 24991-53-5, Alfa Aeser, Ward Hill, MA USA), was dissolved in 1 g of PFC at 2% (w/w). The PFC solution was then combined with an aqueous solution of fluorescein sodium salt (FSS, CAS#: 518-47-8, Sigma-Aldrich), reconstituted at 1 mg/mL in DPBS, in a volumetric ratio of 2.1:1. The phases were sonicated (CL-188, QSonica, LLC, Newton, CT USA) for 30 seconds while on ice. The resulting primary emulsion (W1/PFC) was added drop wise to a solution of 50 mg/mL Pluronic F68 in DPBS and stirred with a magnetic stir bar at 700 rpm for 2 minutes while on ice. The particle size of the resulting coarse double emulsion (W1/PFC/W2) was reduced using a homogenizer (T10, IKA Works Inc., Wilmington, NC USA). The resulting emulsion had a FSS encapsulation efficiency of 89.7% and 92.3% for the PFP and PFH formulations, respectively. Emulsions were stored at 5°C for 30 minutes and characterized with a Coulter Counter in the range of 1-30 μm. All double emulsion formulations are listed in Table 1.
Moncion A., Arlotta K.J., Kripfgans O.D., Fowlkes J.B., Carson P.L., Putnam A.J., Franceschi R.T, & Fabiilli M.L. (2015). Design and characterization of fibrin-based acoustically responsive scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 42(1), 257-271.
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2

Microfluidic Preparation of Monodisperse Phase-Shift Emulsions

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Micron-sized, monodispersed phase-shift emulsions (W1/PFC/W2) were prepared using a microfluidic-based technique as described previously [23 (link)]. Briefly, the W1 phase consisted of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) and the PFC phase was perfluoroheptane (C7F16, CAS# 335-57-9, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The primary emulsion (i.e., W1/PFC) was stabilized by 2% (w/w) triblock fluorosurfactant consisting of Krytox 157FSH (CAS# 51798-33-5, DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA) and polyethylene glycol (1000 g/mol, CAS#: 24991-53-5, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill. MA, USA). The W2 phase was 50 mg/mL Pluronic F68 (CAS# 9003-11-6, Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS. The emulsion was characterized using a Coulter Counter (Multisizer 4, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) with a 50 μm aperture tube. The average diameter, coefficient of variation, and number concentration of the emulsion were 12.98 ± 0.8 μm, 3.3 ± 0.9%, and (3.5 ± 0.3) × 108 particles /mL, respectively.
Farrell E., Aliabouzar M., Quesada C., Baker B.M., Franceschi R.T., Putnam A.J, & Fabiilli M.L. (2021). Spatiotemporal control of myofibroblast activation in acoustically-responsive scaffolds via ultrasound-induced matrix stiffening. Acta biomaterialia, 138, 133-143.
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3

Synthesis of Fluorosurfactant for Stabilizing Aqueous Droplets

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We used aqueous droplets in Novec7500 fluorinated oil (3M) stabilized against coalescence by a triblock copolymer fluorosurfactant comprising two perfluoropolyether (PFPE) chains linked by one Jeffamine® polyetheramine chain (PEA), KryJeffD900. KryJeffD900 surfactant was prepared in house from the commercially available carboxylic acid Krytox157-FSH (Dupont) and Jeffamine® polyetheramine (ED 900, Huntsmann) based on the synthesis route described in23 (link)43 (link). Briefly, Krytox157-FSH (50 g; 7.8 mmol assuming 6500 g.mol−1) was dissolved in 150 ml of CaCl2 dried Novec7100 oil under a N2 atmosphere. Next, oxalyl chloride (7.7 ml; 90 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture stirred overnight at 70 °C. After evaporating the solvent, the resulting product was dissolved in 100 ml of FC-3283 oil (3M). Jeffamine® polyetheramine (3.3 ml; 7.9 mmol), 20 ml of dried tetrahydrofuran, thriethylamine (1.6 ml; 11.5 mmol) and 40 ml of dried tetrahydrofuran were subsequently added in a twin-neck round-bottom flask under a N2 atmosphere. The Krytox157-FSH acid chloride solution was added in the flask, followed by 20 ml of FC-3283 oil (3M). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. After removing the solvents and purification by filtration, the product was used directly in the experiments.
Beneyton T., Wijaya I.P., Postros P., Najah M., Leblond P., Couvent A., Mayot E., Griffiths A.D, & Drevelle A. (2016). High-throughput screening of filamentous fungi using nanoliter-range droplet-based microfluidics. Scientific Reports, 6, 27223.
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4

Synthesis of Biocompatible Fluorinated Surfactant

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The biocompatible fluorinated surfactant used for droplet generation was synthesized as previously described by Chen et al. [27 (link)]. Krytox 157FS (H) (50 g, MW: ~5000 g/mol, Dupont, Londonderry, UK) was dissolved in 50 mL anhydrous HFE-7500 with excess oxalyl chloride (12.5 g, Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) and stirred overnight at 85 °C under argon. The solvent was removed through rotary evaporation and high vacuum. The resulting light-yellow product was mixed with Jeffamine XTJ 501 (3.5 g, MW: 900 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and dissolved in a mixture of 50 mL HFE-7500 with 50 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane (50 mL, Sigma-Aldrich, UK) at 65 °C with stirring for 2 days under an argon atmosphere, resulting in a milky white product after rotary evaporation. Insoluble white particles were removed through centrifugation at 8000 rpm for approximately 10 min and dried using a vacuum desiccator for 24 h. Then, the surfactant was used without any further purification.
Li Y., Cherukury H., Labanieh L., Zhao W, & Kang D.K. (2020). Rapid Detection of β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria Using the Integrated Comprehensive Droplet Digital Detection (IC 3D) System. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 20(17), 4667.
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5

Optimizing Multiphase Emulsion Droplet Formation

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We use hydrofluoroether (HFE; 3M™ Novec™ 7500) as the oil phase to avoid PDMS swelling upon contact. Surfactants are also added to prevent coalescence and optimize interfacial tension for droplet formation: (a) carboxylated perfluoropolyether (PFPE; DuPont™ Krytox™ 157-FSH) after deprotonation, and nonionic fluorosurfactant (008-FluoroSurfactant from RAN Biotechnologies) for HFE, the oil phase; (b) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween 20, Pluronic™ F-68 (Gibco) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG6k and PEG35k for average MW 6000 and 35000, respectively) for the aqueous phase. For WOW emulsions, the following solutions are used: inner phase (4% (v/v) Tween 20, 4% (w/v) PEG6k, 50 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris pH 8 in water), middle phase (2% (w/w) 008-FluoroSurfactant in HFE) and outer phase (4% (v/v) Tween 20, 1% (v/v) Pluronic F-68, 10% (w/v) PEG35k in water). For OWO droplets, inner phase (HFE), middle phase (2% (w/v) SDS in water) and outer phase (2% (w/v) PFPE in HFE are used. All chemicals are purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless noted otherwise.
Kim S.C., Sukovich D.J, & Abate A.R. (2015). Patterning microfluidic device wettability with spatially-controlled plasma oxidation. Lab on a chip, 15(15), 3163-3169.
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6

Production of Perfluorocarbon Stabilized Dextran Emulsions

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The in-house manufacture of PSDE with a W1/PFC/W2 structure has been described previously15 (link). Perfluorohexane (C6F14, CAS# 355-42-0, bulk boiling point: 56°C, Strem Chemicals) was used as the PFC phase. A fluorosurfactant copolymer, synthesized using a 2:1 molar ratio of Krytox 157 FSH (CAS# 51798-33-5, DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA) and poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) (MW: 1000 g/mol, CAS# 24991-53-5, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA), was dissolved at 2% (w/w) in PFC. The PFC solution was combined at 2:1 (v/v) with a W1 phase containing 1.66 mg/mL Alexa Fluor 488-labeled dextran (AF488, MW: 10,000 Da, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Life Technologies), and then sonicated (Q55 with CL-188 immersion probe, QSonica, LLC, Newton, CT, USA) for 30 seconds while on ice. To produce PSDEs, the primary emulsion (i.e., W1/PFC) and W2 phase, which was 50 mg/mL Pluronic F68 (CAS# 9003–-and 10 μL/min, respectively, through a quartz microfluidic chip (Cat# 3200146, junction: 14 μm × 17 μm, Dolomite, Royston, United Kingdom), as shown in Fig. 1(A). Using a Coulter Counter (Multisizer 4, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) with a 50 μm aperture tube, the average diameter, coefficient of variation, and concentration of PSDE were 6.3 ± 0.06 μm, 16.2 ± 0.3%, and (7.1 ± 1.1) × 109 particles/mL, respectively.
Aliabouzar M., Davidson C.D., Wang W.Y., Kripfgans O.D., Franceschi R.T., Putnam A.J., Fowlkes J.B., Baker B.M, & Fabiilli M.L. (2020). Spatiotemporal control of micromechanics and microstructure in acoustically-responsive scaffolds using acoustic droplet vaporization. Soft matter, 16(28), 6501-6513.
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7

Fluorescent Droplet Generation Protocol

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Resorufin sodium salt, fluorescein and rhodamine 6G (Sigma-Aldrich) solutions were prepared by dissolution in millipore water or NaCl solutions. Droplets were produced in fluorinated oil (HFE-7500, 3M) and stabilized against coalescence by a perfluoropolyether–polyethyleneglycol block-copolymer surfactant (PFPE–PEG–PFPE, Critical Micellar Concentration ∼0.03% (weight fraction)33 ). The surfactant was a kind gift from Dr E. Mayot, prepared from the carboxylic acid Krytox (157-FSH, Dupont) and polyethyleneoxide (Sigma-Aldrich), adapting the synthesis scheme described by Holtze et al.59 (link) and Scanga et al.33 60 The infra-red spectra of the surfactants used here, a detailed protocol for surfactant synthesis and the analysis of the rhodamine 6G partitioning towards the oil phase are provided in Supplementary Fig. 5 and Supplementary Notes 5 and 6. After mixing the surfactant in the fluorinated oils, the solutions are stable and stored in closed glass flasks and handled at room temperature.
Gruner P., Riechers B., Semin B., Lim J., Johnston A., Short K, & Baret J.C. (2016). Controlling molecular transport in minimal emulsions. Nature Communications, 7, 10392.
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