Penicillin

Manufactured by ScienCell

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Penicillin is a widely used antibiotic substance produced by certain species of Penicillium fungi. It functions by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of various bacteria.

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Penicillin/streptomycin (167 citations) Penicillin/streptomycin solution (92 citations) Penicillin/streptomycin solution (P/S) (22 citations) Penicillin/streptomycin (P/S, (12 citations) Penicillin and streptomycin (10 citations) Penicillin-G (3 citations) Penicillin-streptomycin mixture (2 citations)

91 protocols using penicillin

Culturing HEK293 and HUVEC Cells

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HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 g/mL streptomycin (GIBCO).
HUVECs were cultured in Endothelial Cell Medium (ScienCell) supplemented with 5% (v/v) FBS, 1% Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. HUVECs within three to seven passages were used.

Song X., Wang X., Ma Y., Liang Z., Yang Z, & Cao H. (2017). Site-Specific Modification Using the 2′-Methoxyethyl Group Improves the Specificity and Activity of siRNAs. Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids, 9, 242-250.

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Comparing U87 and U251 Glioma Cells

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Human glioma U87 cells (ATCC version, glioblastoma of unknown origin) and U251 cells were purchased from the Cell Center of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Beijing, China) and were validated by short tandem repeat DNA profiling. U87 and U251 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (ScienCell Research Laboratories, Inc.), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin at 37°C (5% CO₂) in a humidified atmosphere. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Inc., and cultured in endothelial cell medium containing 100 mg/ml streptomycin, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 40 µg/ml endothelial cell growth supplement and 5% heat-inactivated FBS (all from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Inc.,) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂. Compared with other normal cells, such as primary hepatocytes, HUVECs are easily obtained, cultured and have no characteristics of tumor cells. Thus, HUVECs were selected as normal control cells in the present study.

Sun J., Zhang Y., Zhen Y., Cui J., Hu G, & Lin Y. (2019). Antitumor activity of tetrandrine citrate in human glioma U87 cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncology Reports, 42(6), 2345-2354.

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Co-culture Model of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes

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Human brain microvascular endothelial cells isolated from human brain tissue (HBMECs; Catalog #1000, ScienCell, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and human astrocytes isolated from human cerebral cortex (HAs; Catalog #1800, ScienCell) were co-cultured in endothelial cell medium (Catalog #1001; concentrations, mL^–1; 10 μg apo-transferrin, 10 μg BSA, 2 ng fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, 1 μg hydrocortisone, 2 ng insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), 7.5 μg insulin and 20 nM progesterone, 2% FBS, 5.55 mM glucose and 10 000 units·mL⁻¹ of penicillin and streptomycin) and astrocyte medium (Catalog #1801; concentrations, mL^–1; 10 μg apo-transferrin, 10 μg BSA, 10 ng EGF, 10 ng FGF-2, 1 μg hydrocortisone, 5 μg insulin, 2 ng IGF-I, 0.5 ng IGF LR3 10-8 M retinoic acid and 2 ng VEGF, 5% FBS, glucose 5.55 mM and 10 000 units·mL⁻¹ of penicillin and streptomycin; both ScienCell). HAs were seeded on the outside of collagen-coated 0.4 μm pore PTFE membrane transwell inserts (12-well type; Corning Costar, Tewksbury, MA, USA) directed upside down and allowed to adhere to the membrane overnight. HBMECs were seeded on the inside of the insert and cells were grown to confluence to create a contact co-culture model (Allen and Bayraktutan, 2009 (link); Mestre et al., 2011 (link)).

Hind W.H., Tufarelli C., Neophytou M., Anderson S.I., England T.J, & O'Sullivan S.E. (2015). Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology, 172(12), 3015-3027.

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Isolation and Characterization of Primary Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

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Primary HTM cells were obtained from ScienCell Research Laboratories (Carlsbad, CA, USA). HTM cells were isolated from a single donor. To characterize these HTM cells, we confirmed myocilin (MYOC) upregulation induced by dexamethasone (DEX) treatment according to the procedure described in previous reports [31 (link)–34 (link)] (S1 Fig). HTM cells were maintained in the supplemented manufacturer-specified medium, namely, trabecular meshwork cell medium (TMCM) containing 2% fetal bovine serum, the manufacturer-specified supplement (i.e., undisclosed growth factors, hormones, and proteins), 100 units/mL of penicillin, and 100 μg/mL of streptomycin (ScienCell Research Laboratories). HTM cells were cultured in a poly-L-lysine-coated flask, and the supplemented TMCM was exchanged every 3–4 d. HTM cells were used between passages 3 and 5 in the present study.

Kumon M., Fuwa M., Shimazaki A., Odani-Kawabata N., Iwamura R., Yoneda K, & Kato M. (2023). Downregulation of COL12A1 and COL13A1 by a selective EP2 receptor agonist, omidenepag, in human trabecular meshwork cells. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0280331.

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Neuroprotection in OGD-Induced Cell Injury

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SH‐SY5Y cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin (Gibco). Primary cultured HBMECs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories. HBMECs were cultured in Endothelial Cell Medium (ECM, ScienCell) supplemented with 5% FBS (ScienCell), 1% ECGS (ScienCell) and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin, ScienCell). Cells were then incubated in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 37°C. NBP was diluted to a stock solution of 10 mmol/L in DMSO. Cells were treated with OGD. For OGD, normal growth medium was replaced with FBS‐free ECM, and cells were incubated in an anaerobic chamber for 6 hours in which the oxygen level remained below 0.5%. After OGD, cells continued to incubate for 12 hours under normal culture conditions. NBP (10 μmol/L) pre‐treatment lasted for 2 hours before OGD and continued during the re‐oxygenation process. To further estimate the effect of autophagy activation on OGD, cells were pre‐treated with RAPA (100 nmol/L) and 3‐MA (5 μmol/L) for 1 hour.

Wu F., Xu K., Xu K., Teng C., Zhang M., Xia L., Zhang K., Liu L., Chen Z., Xiao J., Wu Y., Zhang H, & Chen D. (2019). Dl‐3n‐butylphthalide improves traumatic brain injury recovery via inhibiting autophagy‐induced blood‐brain barrier disruption and cell apoptosis. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 24(2), 1220-1232.

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HUVEC Culture and Starvation

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HUVECs (C-003-5C, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) were grown in the endothelial cell medium (ECM) (ScienCell, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 1% endothelial cell growth supplement (Sciencell) and 20% fetal bovine serum (ScienCell), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (ScienCell). All cells were cultured in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37 °C. For all experiments, HUVECs were used between the third and fifth passages and were starved in serum-free ECM for 4 h before drug treatment.

Lee S.H., Ok S.H., Ahn S.H., Kim H.J., Bae S.I., Kim J.Y., Park K.E., Hwang Y, & Sohn J.T. (2021). Lipid Emulsion Enhances Vasoconstriction Induced by Dexmedetomidine in the Isolated Endothelium-Intact Aorta. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 3309.

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Culturing Retinoblastoma Cell Lines

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The human retinoblastoma cell lines Y79 and Weri-RB-1 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA). The human retinoblastoma cell lines RBL-13 and SO-RB50, and the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 were procured from Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). All cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, South Logan, UT, USA), 100 units/mL of penicillin and 100 μg/mL of streptomycin (ScienCell, San Diego, CA, USA) in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂ at 37°C following the instructions recommended by the ATCC.

Wang Y., Xin D, & Zhou L. (2020). LncRNA LINC00152 Increases the Aggressiveness of Human Retinoblastoma and Enhances Carboplatin and Adriamycin Resistance by Regulating MiR-613/Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) Axis. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e920886-1-e920886-17.

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Culturing Porcine Intestinal and Lung Cells

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The porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2, which was originally derived from jejunal tissues of neonatal piglets (21 (link)), was kindly provided by Dr. Glenn Zhang at Oklahoma State University (Stillwater, OK, USA). IPEC-J2 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12; a 1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham's F-12; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen), streptomycin (100 μg/ml), penicillin (100 U/ml), and 1% insulin, transferrin, selenium (ScienCell, San Diego, CA, USA) at 37°C under a 5% CO₂ and 95% air atmosphere with 90% humidity.
The porcine lung alveolar macrophage cell line 3D4/31 (ATCC CRL-2844) was also kindly provided by Dr. Zhang. The 3D4/31 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 1 mM sodium pyruvate at 37°C under a 5% CO₂ and 95% air atmosphere with 90% humidity.

Wang J., Zhang W., Wang S., Liu H., Zhang D., Wang Y, & Ji H. (2019). Swine-Derived Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Modulates Porcine Intestinal Endogenous Host Defense Peptide Synthesis Through TLR2/MAPK/AP-1 Signaling Pathway. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 2691.

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Cell Culture of Oral Cancer Lines

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Human OSCC cell lines (SCC9 and Cal27) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). HOK cells were obtained from ScienCell, and HN4 and HN6 cells were from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HN4, HN6, SCC9 and Cal27 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/F12 (DMEM/F12, Gibco, USA) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FBS, HyClone, USA), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Invitrogen, USA). HOK cells were cultured in oral keratinocyte medium (OKM, ScienCell, USA) with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. Cells were incubated in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C in the presence of 5% CO₂. All cell lines were passaged for fewer than 6 months.

Liu X., Fu Y., Huang J., Wu M., Zhang Z., Xu R., Zhang P., Zhao S., Liu L, & Jiang H. (2019). ADAR1 promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem-like cell phenotype of oral cancer by facilitating oncogenic microRNA maturation. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR, 38, 315.

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Breast Cancer Cell Line Culturing and Hypoxia Assay

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The breast MCF10A epithelial cell line, the BC cell lines (MDA231, MCF7, MDA468 and BT474) and 293T cell line were purchased from BeNa Culture Collection (Beijing, China). The cell lines were free from mycoplasma contamination. The MDA231, MCF7, MDA468 and BT474 cell lines were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin and streptomycin (all from Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). The MCF10A cell line was maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin (ScienCell Research Laboratories, Inc.). The cell lines were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂. In addition, hypoxia treatment comprised 94% N₂, 5% CO₂ and 1% O₂ at 37°C for different durations under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia was simulated by culturing cells with CoCl₂ (Sigma-Aldrich) at a final concentration of 100 µM.

Zhuang Y., Li X., Zhan P., Pi G, & Wen G. (2022). HIF-1α and MBP1 are associated with the progression of breast cancer cells by repressing β-catenin transcription. Oncology Reports, 48(3), 149.

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