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110 protocols using icc50 hd

1

Measurement of Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area

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Vehicle and CL316,243-treated mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the limb muscles, TA and soleus, were harvested. Muscles were cross-cut, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, then cut into 6 μm-thick serial sections and mounted on polylysine coated slides. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining kit (Bio-optica, Milan, Italy), according to manufacturer protocol. Microscopic observation was performed by Leica DM2000LED (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) light microscope equipped with Leica ICC50HD digital camera for photodocumentation. Digital images acquired were then analyzed with SigmaScan Pro 5.0 software (SYSTAT, San Jose, CA, USA) to measure CSA. Measurements were performed by three independent observers and expressed as mean surface area (μm2). A total of 300–350 muscle fibers were analyzed for each muscle.
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2

Automated IHC and ISH for SARS-CoV-2 Markers

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This was performed in automatic mode (BOND-III Fully Automated IHC and ISH Staining System, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the spike protein (SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA, 1:500), nucleocapsid protein (SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibody, GeneTex, CA, USA, 1:500) of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and angiotensin convertase type 2 (ACE2, GeneTex, CA, USA, 1:250) were used as primary antibodies.
The number of immunopositive cells was counted in 10 randomly selected fields of view at ×400 magnification (in percent). Microscopic analysis was performed using a video microscopy system (microscope Leica DM2000, Wetzlar, Germany; camera Leica ICC50 HD).
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3

Protoplast Isolation and Visualization

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Proliferated FEC from mixed single- or two-plasmid transformation events was disaggregated in 2 mL of liquid culture media TM2G modified from Sofiari et al. [100 (link)] and 2 mL of enzymatic solution. The tissue was digested overnight in dark at 28°C and 30 rpm. The solution with digested FEC was filtered through three Myracloth layers, followed by two washes with WI solution and centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of TM2G for microscopy visualization. The sample was loaded in Neubauer chamber and protoplasts images were taken at 40X objective with microscope Leica DM500 equipped with Leica ICC50 HD and LAS EZ software.
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4

Kidney Histology Analysis Protocol

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The frozen sections of non-perfused kidneys were stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) followed by Mayer’s hematoxylin (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany), which was one of the standard methods to analyze the kidney tissues. The microscopic images were captured using a Leica ICC50 HD (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The glomerular area and mesangial area were semi-quantified by the Image-J software (v.1.53u, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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5

Evaluating Sphere Formation in GBM

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We used the sphere limiting dilution analysis to evaluate sphere formation in GBM-Scr and GBM-PrP-KO. GBM cells were cultured as primary spheres. Morphology of the spheres developed in the wells was evaluated using a digital camera Leica ICC50 HD (Leica) mounted on a transmitted light microscope DM IL (Leica) to image each individual well [48 (link)]. Subsequently, spheres were dissociated with Accutase™ for 5 min at 37°C and mechanically disaggregated until a single cell suspension was achieved. Cells were then plated at densities ranging from 100 to 0.01 cells across two 96 well plates in 200μl of complete medium with 16 replicates for each dilution and then evaluated for secondary sphere formation after 15 days in culture. We scored each well for the absence or presence of sphere growth to determine the fraction of negative wells. The plot shows natural log transformation for the fraction of non-responding wells (y-axis) versus plating density (x-axis). The probability of forming a sphere is determined by the x intercept (cell density) when y=−1 [53 (link)].
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Skin Samples

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Skin fragments after fixation for immunohistochemical analysis were prepared according to the standard protocol. Characteristics of antibodies are presented in Table 2. Cell nuclei were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. The number of immunopositive cells was counted by three blinded pathologists in 10 randomly selected fields of view at ×400 magnification (in %). The number of collagen fibers in the sections was measured using an image analysis computer program (BMI plus software, BumMi Universe Co.) and expressed as a percentage of the area occupied by collagen fibers in the upper dermis. Stained sections were scored using a modified numerical scale from 0 to 3 (Abramov et al., 2007 ). Microscopic analysis was performed using a video microscopy system (microscope Leica DM2000, Germany; camera Leica ICC50 HD).
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7

Histological Verification of Accumbens Lesions

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To verify the accuracy of the lesion, rats were deeply anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde in .1 M phosphate buffer. Brains were immediately removed and stored in the fixation solution at a temperature of 5°C. Coronal sections of the NAcSh were cut at a thickness of 50 μm using a vibratome (Leica, Germany) and stained with cresyl violet. Pictures of the NAcSh (Figure 2b) were taken with the microscope Leica DM750 at two magnifications (4× and 10×) and the camera Leica ICC50 HD. Percentage of lesioned areas was calculated using ImageJ (1.53k) software by manually outlining the area with neurotoxic damage. Exclusion criteria were unilateral or misplaced lesions. One rat in the NAcSh lesioned group was excluded due to the wrong location of the lesion, another one due to unilateral lesion and a third one due to a unilateral extension of the lesion to bordering areas.
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8

Anatomical Analysis of Plant Hypocotyl Response

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We followed the method described by Vidoz et al. (2016) . Hypocotyl sections of control, flooded and AgNO3-treated flooded plants, were fixed in FAA (10 formaldehyde 40%: 5 acetic acid: 50 ethanol: 35 water v/v) by generating vacuum for 15 min. Samples were sequentially dehydrated with tertiary butyl alcohol series and finally embedded in paraffin. Finally, 30 µm sections were obtained with a microtome, stained with safranine for 2 h and successively observed with an optical microscope (Leica DM LB2, Leica Microsystems). Three biological replicates were processed for each treatment and 20 sequential sections for each replicate were observed. Representative pictures were then acquired with a digital camera Leica ICC50 HD. These sections were used to obtain measurements of cortex cell area, cortex cell density and area of cortex cells with the open source software ImageJ (NIH, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij).
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9

Histological analysis of zebrafish larvae

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Ten zebrafish larvae, in triplicate, randomly collected at each sampling time from the different tanks, were fixed by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde and stored at 4°C for 24 h. Larvae were washed three times with PBS 0.1 M (pH 7.4) buffer for 10 min and preserved in ethanol (70%). Larvae were then dehydrated by subsequent washing in ethanol (80%, 95%, and 100%), washed with clearing agent ''Histo-Clear'' (Bio-Clear, Bio Optica) and embedded in liquid paraffin (Bio-Optica, Milano, Italy) at 55-58°C. Solidified paraffin blocks were cut with a microtome (Leica RM2125 RTS) to obtain 5 lm sections then stained with Hematoxylin (Mayer) and Eosin Y (Sigma-Aldrich). Sections were observed using a Leica MD750 optical microscope connected with a camera Leica ICC50 HD.
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10

Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining Protocol

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Deparaffinized sections were stained using the haematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Briefly, the slides were immersed in haematoxylin for 5 min and then washed. Then the slides were stained with 1% eosin for 3 min and washed in tap water. The slides were dehydrated in 95% alcohol and 100% alcohol in turn. The slides were cleared with xylene twice. Qualitative histology was performed on the stained sections using a light microscope Leica DM 750 (Leica Microsystems GmbH) with an attached digital camera Leica ICC50 HD (Leica Microsystems GmbH) at x200 magnification.
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