The chemicals used in this study were (>99%, QREC, Malaysia), glucose (>99%, Qrec, Malaysia), sodium hydroxide (>99%, Qrec), nitric acid (69%, Qrec, Malaysia), hydrofluoric acid (>49%, Qrec), bisphenol A (BPA, 97%, Acros Organics, Netherlands), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA, >98%, BDH Limited Poole England), ascorbic acid (>99.5%, Qrec) and methanol (AR grade, Qrec, Malaysia). All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Ultrapure water generated by Millipore Direct-Q™3 Ultrapure Water Purification System (Fisher Scientific, USA) was used to prepare the solutions. Rice husk was collected from a local rice milling company in Penang, Malaysia.
Bisphenol a
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Belgium, United States
Bisphenol A is a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of various laboratory equipment and materials. It serves as a core component in the production of certain types of plastics and resins. The specific function and intended use of Bisphenol A in laboratory equipment can vary depending on the application and the product in which it is incorporated.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Hydrofluoric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Glucose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Peg400, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N n dimethylacetamide dmac, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
4 4 dichlorodiphenylsulfone dcdps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Phenytoin pht, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Horseradish peroxidase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ici 182 780, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
M cresol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 4 dinitrophenol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 nitrophenol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methyl methacrylate mma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 dichlorophenol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 naphthol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
13 protocols using bisphenol a
1
Preparation of Rice Husk-Based Adsorbents
2
Bisphenol A Stock Solution Preparation
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Bisphenol A (purity ≥ 97%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and used to prepare a stock standard solution of 5 mg mL−1 BPA in methanol (HPLC grade, TEDIA, Fairfield, OH, USA) that was stored in the dark at 4 °C. Working solutions were prepared by dilution with lake water. Acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid used for HPLC analyses were of HPLC grade, while other chemicals were analytically pure which were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents (Shanghai, China).
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Polysulfone Membranes
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PSF was synthesized using 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (Bisphenol A, 97%), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc, η = 0.92 mPa·s (25 °C), chemically pure), and N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP, η = 1.66 mPa·s (25 °C), chemically pure) provided by Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium); 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (DCDPS, 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Heysham, UK), potassium carbonate (chemically pure) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, η = 2.00 mPa·s (25 °C), chemically pure) were purchased from Reachem (Moscow, Russia).
To prepare the dope solutions, NMP was used as a solvent and polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 400 g/mol (PEG-400, Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium)) as a pore-forming additive.
To prepare the dope solutions, NMP was used as a solvent and polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 400 g/mol (PEG-400, Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium)) as a pore-forming additive.
4
Quantitative Determination of Bisphenol A and Phenytoin
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Bisphenol A (BPA, ≥99%) and phenytoin (PHT, 99%) were obtained from Acros (Geel, Belgium). Horseradish peroxidase (POD, 99%), 2-chlorophenol (2-CP, ≥99%) and N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate (DPD, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%, w/w) was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was used throughout the study.
5
Rice Husk Adsorption of Bisphenol A
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Rice husk (RH) was obtained from the local market that collected from the farmlands near to Alexandria, Egypt. Potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85%) was supplied from ADWIC, El-Nasr Company, Egypt. Trypan blue (TB) (70%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. Bisphenol A (97%) was supplied from ACROS, Belgium. All solutions were prepared with distilled water under ambient conditions.
6
Estrogen Receptor Activation Assay
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E2 (endogenous agonist of ERα, 17-β-estradiol) and ICI-182780 (antagonist of ERα) were from Sigma Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA); bisphenol A (Acros Organics, Belgium) and nonylphenol (AccuStandard, New Haven, CT, USA) were used. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y (ERα positive) and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (ERα negative) cells were from cell resources center of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Beijing, People’s Republic of China). Cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 37°C with 5% CO2.
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenolic Polymers
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All materials and solvents were commercially available and used as received unless otherwise indicated. The following materials and solvents were used: sodium hydroxide (VWR, 99%), 2,2′-azobis(2methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (Aldrich, 98%), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) (Aldrich, 99%), methylmethacrylate (MMA) (Aldrich, 99%), 4-aminostyrene (Aldrich, 99%), sodium nitrite (VWR, 99.5%), m-cresol (Alfa Aesar, >99%), 2-chlorophenol (Alfa Aesar, >99%), bisphenol-A (Acros Organics, >97%), 2-nitrophenol (Alfa Aesar, >98%), 2,4-dinitrophenol (Alfa Aesar, >96%), fenhexamid (Aldrich, 99%), 2,4-dichlorophenol (Alfa Aesar, >99%), 4-chlorophenol (Alfa Aesar, >99%), 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (Aldrich, 97%), 2,4-dimethylphenol (Aldrich, 98%), 2-phenylphenol (Aldrich, 99%), 1-naphthol (Aldrich, >99%), and 1,8dihydroxyanthraquinone (Aldrich, 96%).
In the tests carried out with the product, the commercial pesticide DECCO® OPP and a fungicide widely used for postharvest treatment of fungi causing rot (Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp), mainly in citrus fruits, were used. This pesticide is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate and contains as an active component 2-phenylphenol (concentration: 10% w/v (100 g/L)), in addition to other elements in very low concentrations such as Si (15080.5 ppb), Mn (1.8 ppb), Zn (622.3 ppb), Pd (49.4 ppb) and Ba (7.2 ppb).
In the tests carried out with the product, the commercial pesticide DECCO® OPP and a fungicide widely used for postharvest treatment of fungi causing rot (Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp), mainly in citrus fruits, were used. This pesticide is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate and contains as an active component 2-phenylphenol (concentration: 10% w/v (100 g/L)), in addition to other elements in very low concentrations such as Si (15080.5 ppb), Mn (1.8 ppb), Zn (622.3 ppb), Pd (49.4 ppb) and Ba (7.2 ppb).
8
Characterization of Endocrine Disruptors in Artemia
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The organic solvents, methanol and absolute ethanol, were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK), while acetonitrile was supplied by VWR Chemicals (Paris, France). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and sodium hypochlorite solution 10% w/v were purchased from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). The sea salt used as the Artemia culture medium was purchased from Instant Ocean (Blacksburg, VA, USA). Artemiafranciscana cysts were kindly supplied by INVE Aquaculture (INVE HELLAS SA, 93, Kyprou str., 16451 Argyroupoli, Athens, Greece). The C18 sorbent material, columns, and frits for SPE were supplied by Grace Davison Discovery Sciences (Bannockburn, IL, USA).
The internal standard 4-n-Octylphenol and Bisphenol-A were supplied by Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany), while 4-tert-Octylphenol was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). The investigated compounds are presented inTable 1 .
The internal standard 4-n-Octylphenol and Bisphenol-A were supplied by Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany), while 4-tert-Octylphenol was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). The investigated compounds are presented in
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Bisphenol-A Derivatives
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Bisphenol-A (BPA, 228.29 g mol−1), 4,4’-bis[(4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl]-1,1’-biphenyl (BCPSBP, 503.42 g mol−1), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 78.13 g mol−1), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 87.12 g mol−1), 4,4’-dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP, 251.11 g mol−1), potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 138.20 g mol−1) were supplied by Alfa Aesar, Seoul, South Korea. Other chemicals were procured from Samcheon Chemical Corporation, Seoul, South Korea and used without further purification.
10
Bisphenol A Quantification by HPLC
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All chemicals were used as received without any further purification. Bisphenol A (4-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propane-2-yl]phenol, 97% purity), was purchased from Alfa Aesar and luminol (5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione) (>95% purity) from AppliChem. Sodium carbonate (>99% purity) were purchased from Merck and methanol (HPLC-grade) was supplied by VWR. Deionized water (3 μS cm−1) was used for the preparation of BPA-solutions and ultrapure water (Λ = 0,062 μS cm−1) for HPLC measurement.
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