To address the separate aims of the study, two sets of experiments were performed. To examine heart and cardiomyocyte growth in response to ANG II, the catheterized fetus received a continuous intravenous infusion of ANG II (50 ug /kg/min, 0.5 ml/hr) using a battery operated Pegasus VARIO micro-piston pump (Instech Lab Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA). Physiological measurements were obtained prior to initiating the infusion, then daily for 5 days. Ewes were confined to stanchions during the recording periods though afforded free access to food and water. Pressures were recorded with Transpac pressure transducers (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) on a calibrated computerized system (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO). Fetal arterial pressures were referenced to amniotic fluid pressure. Arterial pressure tracings were used to determine fetal heart rate. Fetal arterial blood samples were taken daily for blood gases and pH (Gem Premier 3000, Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford MA).
Gem premier 3000
Manufactured by Werfen
Sourced in United States, Italy, United Kingdom
The GEM Premier 3000 is a blood gas and electrolyte analyzer designed for use in clinical laboratories. It provides automated analysis of various parameters, including pH, blood gases, and electrolytes, in patient samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Calibrated computerized system, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Transpac pressure transducers, by Abbott (2 mentions)
Multiskan fc, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Lactate plus, by Nova Biomedical (1 mentions)
Team2 pro system, by Polar Electro (1 mentions)
Elisa kit, by Cusabio (1 mentions)
Ethilon, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Pentobarbital sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Xt 1800i, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Spacelab monitor, by Spacelabs (1 mentions)
Vigilance 2, by Edwards Lifesciences (1 mentions)
Au680, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Konelab 20xti analyzer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Xs 500i, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Bn 2, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Accuri c6 flow cytometer, by BD (1 mentions)
Advia 2120 hematology system, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Mikro tip pressure catheter, by Millar (1 mentions)
Beneview t5, by Mindray (1 mentions)
Introcan, by B. Braun (1 mentions)
85 protocols using gem premier 3000
1
Fetal Cardiac Response to Angiotensin II
2
Comparative Analysis of Blood Gas Measurements
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From the A-line route, one specimen was collected from each patient using a nonheparinized plastic syringe (designated Group P), and two specimens were collected using a dedicated heparinized syringe (designated Groups H1 and H2 in the order in which they were collected). We used TERUMO PrezaPack IIⓇ as a dedicated syringe (Figure 1 ). Group P samples were measured within 3 min of collection, and after the analysis was completed and the equipment was cleaned (it takes approximately 4 min from the start of measurement of one sample to the measurement of the next sample), Groups H1 and H2 samples were measured sequentially using the same analyzer (Figure 2 ). The blood gas analyzer used for the measurements was a GEMⓇ Premier 3000 from Instrumentation Laboratory. The items measured were pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3, Na, K, Ca, Hb, Ht, SO2, and BE. We analyzed the results between Groups H1 and H2 and between Groups H1 and P and examined whether plastic syringes could be utilized instead. The frequency of abnormalities in the blood gas analyzers was also observed.
3
High-Intensity Intermittent Shuttle Test
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The HIT protocol [6 (link), 21 (link)], comprising of 10×10 s shuttle runs over a 25+25 m course with a 180° change of direction and 20 s of passive recovery between each bout, was performed 10 minutes after the end of the CMJ test. The players were required to run at 18 km∙h-1, following a sequence of audio signals. Immediately after the HIT protocol, a 100 μL capillary blood sample was drawn from an earlobe into a heparinised capillary tube and analysed for blood hydrogen ion concentration (HIT[H+]) and bicarbonate concentration (HIT[HCO3-]) using a calibrated blood-gas analyser (GEM Premier 3000, Instrumentation Laboratory, Milan, Italy) with an Intelligent Quality Management System cartridge and for blood lactate concentration (HIT[La-]) using a portable amperometric microvolume lactate analyser (Lactate Plus, Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA). Heart rate was continuously monitored using Team2 Pro System (Polar, Kempele, Finland) and the mean heart rate of the test (HITHR) was considered for statistical analysis. The HIT represents a valid and reliable tool to investigate the ability to sustain high-intensity intermittent efforts in basketball in a submaximal and systematic way [6 (link), 21 (link)].
4
Monitoring Metabolic Effects of Citrate
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Hourly samples for blood gases were drawn and analysed (Gem Premier 3000, Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA). Blood samples for liver function and renal function tests were collected to monitor the acute metabolic effects of citrate. The aPTT was measured using a Hemochron Jr. Signature (Edison, USA). Cardiac output was measured by thermo-dilution.
CO2 transfer rate was calculated using the following formula:
where Qgas is the gas flow through the oxygenator and percentage of CO2 is the CO2 at the gas outlet port of the oxygenator, measured by capnograph (Novametrix Capnogard, Philips Respironics, Best, The Netherlands).
CO2 transfer rate was calculated using the following formula:
where Qgas is the gas flow through the oxygenator and percentage of CO2 is the CO2 at the gas outlet port of the oxygenator, measured by capnograph (Novametrix Capnogard, Philips Respironics, Best, The Netherlands).
5
Arterial Blood Analysis Protocol
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Arterial blood samples were collected from each animal’s carotid artery.
Biochemical measurements of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (or
pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and plasma
concentration of bicarbonate ion (or HCO3-) were performed by a
previously calibrated Gem Premier 3000 (Instrumentation Laboratory Co., Bedford,
Massachusetts, USA) using iQM 150 GEM Premier (iQM Instrumentation Laboratory
Co., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA). The values of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit
(Ht), oxygen saturation (SO2), lactate, and electrolytes were
measured using the same arterial blood sample.
Biochemical measurements of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (or
pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and plasma
concentration of bicarbonate ion (or HCO3-) were performed by a
previously calibrated Gem Premier 3000 (Instrumentation Laboratory Co., Bedford,
Massachusetts, USA) using iQM 150 GEM Premier (iQM Instrumentation Laboratory
Co., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA). The values of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit
(Ht), oxygen saturation (SO2), lactate, and electrolytes were
measured using the same arterial blood sample.
6
Measuring Oxygen Levels in Mice
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Mice were anesthetised by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL avertin solution and blood was collected from the heart into a heparinized 1 mL syringe. The blood was loaded onto an automatic blood gas and electrolyte analyzer (GEM Premier 3000, Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, MA, USA) to measure oxygen levels.
7
Postoperative Sodium Levels Monitoring
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Sodium concentrations were measured in the arterial blood gas analysis using GEM Premier 3000 (Instrumentation Laboratory, Massachusetts, USA) and recorded every 6 h during the first 48 h after cardiac surgery. The average of sodium values over the 48 h study period was calculated to represent the overall sodium level of each patient. Hypernatremia was defined as average sodium >145 mmol/L and hyponatremia as average sodium <135 mmol/L. Normonatremia was defined as average sodium levels within the range of 135–145 mmol/L. Patients were categorized into hypernatremia, hyponatremia or normonatremia groups based on their postoperative average sodium levels.
8
Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Protocol
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During the experiment, blood samples were collected into heparinized glass capillary tubes at the following time points: −30 min (end of cannulation), 0 min (after bTBI and UCHS), 15 min (before resuscitation has started), and 45 min, 75 min, and 120 min (end of the experiment). Blood lactate, base excess, hematocrit, and electrolyte levels were determined by GEM Premier 3000 (Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, KY, USA). Mean arterial pressures (MAP) were computed from the arterial tracing. Blood shed from the amputated tail was measured. Two periods of time were defined (Figure 1A ). Blood loss up until resuscitation included the period between amputation of the tail and the start of resuscitation. In all rats undergoing UCHS, this period lasted 15 minutes, whether they were resuscitated with LR, FFP, or no fluids at all. Blood loss after the beginning of resuscitation included the period from the start of resuscitation until the end of the experiment at 120 minutes, regardless of the resuscitation type.
According to the ethics-approved protocol, the rats were sacrificed immediately at the end of the experiment while still anesthetized.
According to the ethics-approved protocol, the rats were sacrificed immediately at the end of the experiment while still anesthetized.
9
Fetal-Maternal Blood Metabolite Analysis
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Blood samples (1 ml for each sampling) were withdrawn from the fetal and maternal arterial catheters to measure blood oxygen partial pressure (PO2),
carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), lactate (Lac), hematocrit (Hct), electrolyte concentrations (Na+, K+ and
Ca++), and pH on a blood gas analyzer GEM Premier 3000 (Instrumentation Laboratory Company, Lexington, U.S.A.). All experiments were performed on
the animals with fetal blood at pH ≥ 7.30.
carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), lactate (Lac), hematocrit (Hct), electrolyte concentrations (Na+, K+ and
Ca++), and pH on a blood gas analyzer GEM Premier 3000 (Instrumentation Laboratory Company, Lexington, U.S.A.). All experiments were performed on
the animals with fetal blood at pH ≥ 7.30.
10
Lung Function Assessment in Septic Mice
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All the animals were anesthetized 1 day after CLP. A 20-gauge catheter was used for endotracheal intubation in the mice and pure oxygen (7 ml/kg) was given later by mechanical ventilation. PaO2 analysis was done on arterial blood samples using a GEM Premier 3000 gas analyzer (Instrumentation Laboratory, Italy) after ventilating the animal for 15 min. The oxygenation index is expressed as PaO2/FiO2. Lungs were isolated from the animals, weighed, and cleaned of blood and water with filter paper. Later, lungs were dried by keeping them in an oven for 2 days, after which the dry weight was measured.
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