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4 protocols using pdgfa

1

Mouse OPC Generation from EpiSCs

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Mouse protocols were approved by Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mouse (Mus musculus) OPCs were generated from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) as in ref. 50 (link). In brief, EpiSCs were isolated from 129 S/SvEv male embryos (E3.5; The Jackson Laboratory) and pushed to form neural rosettes51 (link). Neural rosettes were then passaged into nunclon plates coated with poly-L-ornithine (PO) and laminin, in OPC growth media consisting of DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2 Max (R&D Systems, AR009), B27 (Thermo Fisher, 12587010), 20 ng/mL bFGF (R&D Systems, 23-3FB-01M), and 20 ng/mL PDGFA (R&D Systems, 221-AA). Media was changed every 48 h and cultures were maintained in 37 °C with 5% CO2.
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2

Generating Purified Mouse OPCs from EpiSCs

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Mouse OPCs were generated from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) as previously described except SHH was not used for maintenance or differentiation of OPCs (Najm et al., 2011 (link)). Mouse protocols were approved by Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). In brief, epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) were isolated from 129S/SvEv male embryos (E3.5; The Jackson Laboratory), pushed to form neural rosettes, and then rosettes were passaged into nunclon plates coated with poly-L-ornithine (Sigma, P3655–50MG) and laminin (Sigma, L2020–1MG) in OPC growth media consisting of DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2 Max (R&D Systems, AR009), B27 (Thermo Fisher, 12587010), 20ng/mL bFGF (R&D Systems, 23–3FB-01M), and 20ng/mL PDGFA (R&D Systems, 221-AA). Media was changed every 48 hours and cultures were maintained in 37°C with 5% CO2. After 4 passages these EpiSC derived OPCs were sorted to purity by fluorescence activated cell sorting using conjugated CD140a-APC (eBioscience, 17-1401-81; 1:80) and NG2-AF488 (Millipore, AB5320A4; 1:100) antibodies.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PDGF and PDGFR in Paraffin Sections

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Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on paraffin sections in which we observed the presence of RN by H&E staining. Each section was immunostained with the following antibodies: PDGF-A (1:20; R&D Systems, USA), PDGF-B (1:20; Abcam, Japan), PDGF-C (1:100; R&D Systems), PDGF-D (1:50; R&D Systems), PDGFR-α (1:20; R&D Systems), and PDGFR-β (1:50; R&D Systems) (Table 2). We routinely use a pressure cooker for 4 minutes to retrieve all the antigens. Endogenous peroxidase was blocked with 0.03% hydrogen peroxide for 40 minutes at room temperature. We used the ABC technique (Vector Laboratories, USA) for all of these antigens, before DAB (3, 3′ diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan)). The sections were counterstained with hematoxylin 3G (Sakura Finetek, Japan) and mounted.
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4

Quantification of Secreted Factors in aVICs and qVICs

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Male and female aVICs and qVICs were seeded in 10 cm dishes at a density of 50,000 cells/cm2 and cultured in standard growth medium (low-glucose DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution) for 48 h. The aVICs were cultured on 10 cm tissue culture coated plates while qVICs were cultured on 10 cm collagen-coated plates in order to retain their qVIC phenotype for the duration of the experiment. Seven ELISAs were run on the conditioned culture media and culture lysate (collected in RIPA buffer, 89900; ThermoFisher): endothelin-1 (DY1160; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), platelet derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A, DY221; R&D), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A, DY293B; R&D), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, DY233; R&D), epidermal growth factor (EGF, DY236; R&D), insulin-derived growth factor-1 (IGF-1, DY291; R&D), and thrombospondin-2 (TSP2, DTSB20; R&D), all per manufacturer's instructions. The media and lysate were differentially diluted in the sample dilution buffer specific to each ELISA kit such that all sample absorbance readings fell within the dynamic range of each ELISA. A Quant-iT™ PicoGreen™ dsDNA Assay (P11496; Thermo Fisher Scientific) was performed on the lysate to normalize to cell number across all samples.
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