The shade-dried whole plants of A. indica were powdered (500 g) to macerate in absolute methanol (purity 99.99%, 1,500 ml). Powdered material was placed into an amber bottle for a 7-days-exhaustive extraction with occasional stirring and shaking in every 3 days. The extracts obtained were pooled and filtered using Whatman Filter paper #1. The final combined methanol specimen (850 ml) was evaporated to dryness using a vacuum rotary evaporator (RE200 Biby Sterling, UK) and weighted (16.19 g dry weight, 3.23% w/W) to determine the yield of soluble constituents. The semi-solid black-green crude extract soluble in methanol was preserved at 4°C.
Filter paper 1
Manufactured by Cytiva
Sourced in United Kingdom
Filter paper #1 is a laboratory filtration product designed for general-purpose filtration applications. It is made of high-quality cellulose materials and is suitable for a variety of filtration tasks in research and analytical settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tecnai spirit tem system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Ultra turrax t25 basic, by IKA Group (2 mentions)
Micro cover glass, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Sybr green 1, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
All in one fluorescence microscope, by Keyence (1 mentions)
Bz x810, by Keyence (1 mentions)
22 protocols using filter paper 1
1
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from A. indica
2
Synthesis and Purification of CuL2Cl2 Complex
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Example 2
A solution of CuL2Cl2.xHCl in water in a two-neck flask was deoxygenated by purging with N2 gas for 20 mins. Under an atmosphere of N2 gas, sodium sulfide was added and the solution turned dark green with a black precipitate. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. After ˜20 hours, suspension was filtered (Whatman Filter Paper 1) and the filtrate diluted with 1 M HCl (200 mL) resulting in the formation of a cloudy, white precipitate. This precipitate was allowed to settle for 2 h before it was filtered through a Millipore Steritop™ (0.22 μm, 500 mL) filter and applied to a DOWEX 50Wx2 cation exchange column (H+ form, 10×3 cm). The column was washed with 1 M HCl solution (500 mL) (to remove Na2S) and then slowly eluted with 4 M HCl solution (200 mL). The eluent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give a white solid.
3
Synthesis and Purification of CuL4Cl3 Complex
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Example 5
A solution of CuL4Cl3.xHCl (511 mg) in water (4 mL) in a two-neck flask was deoxygenated by purging with N2 gas for 20 mins. Under an atmosphere of N2 gas, sodium sulfide (766 mg) was added and the solution turned dark green with a black precipitate. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. After ˜20 hours, suspension was filtered (Whatman Filter Paper 1) and the filtrate diluted with 1 M HCl (200 mL) resulting in the formation of a cloudy, white precipitate. This precipitate was allowed to settle for 2 h before it was filtered through a Millipore Steritop™ (0.22 μm, 500 mL) filter and applied to a DOWEX 50Wx2 cation exchange column (H+ form, 10×3 cm). The column was washed with 1 M HCl solution (500 mL) (to remove Na2S) and then slowly eluted with 4 M HCl solution (200 mL). The eluent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give a white solid (413 mg). The residue was converted to the acetate salt by anion exchange chromatography on the acetate form of Dowex 1×8. The slurry was filtered and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation and taken to dryness. The colourless residue was dissolved in methanol before the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and taken to dryness to give a colourless residue (396 mg). MS: [C24H51N10O3]+ m/z=527.42 (experimental), 527.41 (calculated).
4
Volatile Basic Nitrogen Determination
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Sample (5 g) was homogenized (UltraTurrax T25 basic, IkaWerke GmbH and Co.,
Staufen, Germany) for 1 min with 90 mL of distilled water. The supernatant
solution was filtered using a filter paper #1 (Whatman, Maidstone, UK). A 0.01 N
of boric acid was placed in the inner section of a Conway micro-diffusion cell
(Shibata Ltd., Saitama, Japan). One mL sample solution and 1 mL of saturated
K2CO3 were also placed into the outer section of the
same cell, and the lid was immediately closed. The cell was incubated at
37°C for 100 min, and it was then titrated against 0.02 N
H2SO4. The VBN content was calculated and reported as
mg %, according to Miwa and Iida [31 (link)].
Staufen, Germany) for 1 min with 90 mL of distilled water. The supernatant
solution was filtered using a filter paper #1 (Whatman, Maidstone, UK). A 0.01 N
of boric acid was placed in the inner section of a Conway micro-diffusion cell
(Shibata Ltd., Saitama, Japan). One mL sample solution and 1 mL of saturated
K2CO3 were also placed into the outer section of the
same cell, and the lid was immediately closed. The cell was incubated at
37°C for 100 min, and it was then titrated against 0.02 N
H2SO4. The VBN content was calculated and reported as
mg %, according to Miwa and Iida [31 (link)].
5
Synthesis and Purification of CuL10Cl3 Complex
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Example 13
A solution of CuL10Cl3.xHCl in water in a two-neck flask was deoxygenated by purging with N2 gas for 20 mins. Under an atmosphere of N2 gas, sodium sulfide was added and the solution turned dark green with a black precipitate. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. After ˜20 hours, suspension was filtered (Whatman Filter Paper 1) and the filtrate diluted with 1 M HCl (200 mL) resulting in the formation of a cloudy, white precipitate. This precipitate was allowed to settle for 2 h before it was filtered through a Millipore Steritop™ (0.22 μm, 500 mL) filter and applied to a DOWEX 50Wx2 cation exchange column (H+ form, 10×3 cm). The column was washed with 1 M HCl solution (500 mL) (to remove Na2S) and then slowly eluted with 4 M HCl solution (200 mL). The eluent was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give a white solid. The residue was converted to the acetate salt by anion exchange chromatography on the acetate form of Dowex 1×8. The slurry was filtered and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation and taken to dryness. The colourless residue was dissolved in methanol before the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and taken to dryness to give a colourless residue.
6
Determining Water Holding Capacity of Pork
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WHC was determined by the compression method proposed by Tsai and Ockerman (1981 ). 0.3 g of ground pork were weighted using an analytical balance (±0.05 g) and located between two layers of filter paper #1 (Whatman®), and this between two methacrylate plates. A constant weight of 10 kg was located on the sample for 20 min. WHC was expressed as percent difference in sample weight before and after pressure application according to the following equation: water retention capacity (%) = (100‐ free water), where: free water = (final weight of the filter paper − initial weight of the filter paper)/ sample weight × 100.
7
Aqueous Extraction of Phytochemicals
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Phytochemical compounds were extracted with water as solvent (270 mL) and 30 g of each vegetal material. The mixture was stirred at 11× g at 25°C for 24 h and then filtered through Whatman filter paper № 1.
8
Volatile Basic Nitrogen Analysis
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Sample (5 g) was homogenized (UltraTurrax T25 basic, IkaWerke GmbH and Co., Staufen, Germany) for 1 min with 90 mL of distilled water. The supernatant solution was filtered using a filter paper #1 (Whatman, Maidstone, UK). A 0.01 N of boric acid was placed in the inner section of a Conway micro-diffusion cell (Sibata Ltd., Saitama, Japan). One mL sample solution and 1 mL of saturated K2CO3 were also placed into the outer section of the same cell, and the lid was immediately closed. The cell was incubated at 37°C for 100 min, and it was then titrated against 0.02 N H2SO4. The volatile basic nitrogen content was calculated and reported as mg % according to Miwa and Iida [16 (link)].
9
Exosome Isolation and Characterization
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Stromal cell exosomes were isolated by sucrose step-gradient then washed in 0.22 μm filtered PBS. 10 μl was deposited onto glow discharged carbon formvar 400 mesh copper grids (Ted Pella 01822 F) for 3 min, rinsed 15 secs in water, wicked on Whatman filter paper 1, stained for 45 secs in filtered 1.33% (w/v) uranyl acetate, wicked and air dried. Samples were imaged at 120kV on a FEI Tecnai Spirit TEM system. Images were acquired as 2048 × 2048 pixel, 16-bit gray scale files using the FEI’s TEM Imaging and Analysis (TIA) interface on an Eagle 2K CCD multiscan camera.
10
Solvent Extraction of Plant Compounds
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The plant extract was prepared by the maceration technique using distilled water/alcohol (70/30) as the solvent after soaking for 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered using the Whatman filter paper #1. The filtered mixture was thickened in the rotary evaporator device and kept under the biological hood until the rest of the solvent evaporated. Finally, the thoroughly dried extract was stored in a closed sterile container out of light in the refrigerator. The extract’s 20-mg/mL solution was prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent when needed.
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