Elite sizer zata potential

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded at a Bruker advance III 400-MHz NMR instrument. HRMS spectra were obtained on a Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Q Exactive ion trap mass spectrometer and QTOF-MS (Bruker Daltonics, times TOF). UV–vis spectra were determined on a Thermo Scientific GENESYS 50 UV–visible spectrophotometer. Elemental analyses were performed at an Elementar Vario EL analyzer. Dynamic light-scattering experiments were performed with a Brookhaven Elite Sizer zata-potential and a particle-size analyzer. Photoluminescence quantum yields were determined using a FLS 980 (Edinburgh instruments) absolute photoluminescence quantum yield measurement system and integrating sphere as a sample chamber. The steady-state fluorescence of solid samples was measured with FLS 920 fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh instruments).

¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded at a Bruker advance III 400-MHz NMR instrument (Supplementary Figs. 52–65). UV–vis spectra were recorded on a Thermo Scientific GENESYS 50 UV–visible spectrophotometer. The FT–IR spectra were recorded using a Nicolet/Nexus-670 FT–IR spectrometer (ATR mode) (Supplementary Fig. 66). HRMS spectra were obtained on a Thermo Fisher Scientific Orbitrap Q Exactive ion trap mass and Thermo Fisher Scientific LTQ Orbitrap Elite (Supplementary Figs. 67–72). Dynamic light-scattering experiments were tested with a Brookhaven Elite Sizer zata-potential and a particle-size analyzer. GC/MS experiments were performed with an Agilent 7890A-5975C instrument.