Model 410

Manufactured by Waters Corporation

Sourced in United States

The Model 410 is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument designed and manufactured by Waters Corporation. The core function of the Model 410 is to facilitate the separation, identification, and quantification of various chemical compounds in a liquid sample.

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Lab products found in correlation

Model 510, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Model 717, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Wat011545, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) 0.45 μm filter, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Chloroform, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phenogel column, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Gpc system, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Whatman, by Cytiva (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Waters model 410 differential refractometer (2 citations) Model 410 differential refractometer (2 citations)

4 protocols using model 410

Copolymer Molecular Weight Analysis

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A gel permeation
chromatography system made up of an HPLC pump (Waters, model 510,
Milford, MA), an autosampler/injector (Waters, model 717), and a differential
refractometer (Waters, model 410) with an Ultrahydrogel Linear SEC
column (Waters, Part No. WAT011545) was used to determine the molecular
weights and distributions of the synthesized copolymers. Solutions
of copolymer were prepared at a concentration of 9 mg/mL in the mobile
phase solvent and run in triplicate. Sample elution times in a 0.1
M NaNO₃ mobile phase were used to determine number-average
molecular weight (M_n) and polydispersity
index (PDI) relative to PEG and PEO standards.

Watson B.M., Kasper F.K., Engel P.S, & Mikos A.G. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable, Biodegradable, Phosphate-Containing, Chemically Cross-Linkable, Thermoresponsive Macromers for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules, 15(5), 1788-1796.

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Molecular Weight Characterization of Polymer Samples

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Specimens were dissolved in chloroform (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at a concentration of 20 mg/mL under mild agitation at room temperature and filtered by injection through a 0.45 μm filter (Whatman, Kent, UK). The resulting solution was assayed for molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) based on previously reported methods [17 (link), 24 ]. The GPC system (Waters, Milford, MA) consisted of a pump (Waters Model # 155), injection module (Waters # 717), and refractive index detector (Waters Model # 410). GPC was performed (n = 3) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and temperature of 30 °C using a Phenogel column (300 × 7.80 mm, 5 μm particle size, Waters) and calibrated using linear PMMA standards with molecular weights ranging from 2.58 to 981 kDA (Waters, Milford, MA). Number average molecular weight (M_n), weight average molecular weight (M_w), and polydispersity index (PI) were measured and reported.

Tatara A.M., Rozich A.J., Kontoyiannis P.D., Watson E., Albert N.D., Bennett G.N, & Mikos A.G. (2018). Econazole-releasing porous space maintainers for fungal periprosthetic joint infection. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 29(5), 70.

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Biomass Quantification and Metabolite Profiling

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During the experiments, samples were withdrawn and biomass formation was measured by at-line optical density readings (OD₆₀₀) at λ = 600 nm and dry cell weight method [54 (link)]. A correlation (Eq. 3) was then used to convert OD₆₀₀ measurements into cell mass concentration, C_X (g_DW L⁻¹), to be used as input to the control action (better detailed in Methods Control Algorithm Design).

C_{x} = (0.447 \pm 0.007) * {OD}_{600} (R^{2} = 0.99)

The concentrations of ethanol, glycerol, and glucose were measured off-line by HPLC with refractive index detection (Model 410, Waters) [55 (link)], using the following conditions: Aminex HPX-87H column (Bio-Rad); 5 mM sulfuric acid solution at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min⁻¹ as the mobile phase; temperature of 50 °C.

Mesquita T.J., Sargo C.R., Fuzer JR N.e.t.o., Paredes S.A., Giordano R.D., Horta A.C, & Zangirolami T.C. (2019). Metabolic fluxes-oriented control of bioreactors: a novel approach to tune micro-aeration and substrate feeding in fermentations. Microbial Cell Factories, 18, 150.

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Molecular Weight Distribution of Starch by HPLC

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The molecular weight distribution of starch samples was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The starch sample (20 mg) and 0.1 mol/L NaNO₃ (1 mL) solution were mixed evenly and heated in a boiling water bath for 5 min to dissolve completely. After cooling, the starch was filtered through a 0.22 μm aqueous phase filter. In addition, 20 μL of the liquid was purified through a 0.22 μm aqueous filter for determination by high-performance liquid chromatography.
According to Wang et al. [18 (link)], the molecular weight of starch samples was measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Waters, Model 410, Milford, MA, USA). The temperature of the column and detector was kept at 45 °C, the mobile phase was 0.1 mol/L NaNO₃ solution and the flow rate was 0.60 mL/min. Dextran standard products with different molecular weights (purchased from Sigma, molecular weights of 5000, 12,000, 80,000, 15,000, 410,000, and 2,000,000 g/mol) were determined. The standard curve was:

Guo S., Wu H., Liu X., Zhao W., Zheng J, & Li W. (2023). Structural, Physicochemical and Digestive Property Changes of Potato Starch after Continuous and Repeated Dry Heat Modification and Its Comparative Study. Foods, 12(2), 335.

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