C1 si te2000

Laser confocal microscopy (Nikon C1-Si TE 2000, Japan) was used to observe the targeting ability of nanoprobe to different cells. First, the HeLa and COS7 cells were seeded into a 6-well plate with the cell density of 2 × 10⁵ cells per well. After the culture in 37 °C for 24 h, the culture medium was discarded and the cells were washed with PBS for three times. Then, the TPNS and H-TPNS with concentration of 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ were added to the HeLa and COS7 cells to culture for 30 min, respectively. Finally, the residual medium was sucked out, and the cells were washed with PBS for three times. The fluorescence was observed with CLSM with a excitation wavelength of 405 nm.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were recorded by a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss Sigma). In vivo imaging was conducted by the Spectrum Pre-clinical In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS, PekinEmer). The cell viability was measured by the microplate reader (Bio-Rad, Model550, USA). Blood routine analysis was examined by Auto Hematology Analyzer (MC-6200VET) and blood biochemistry analysis was conducted by biochemical auto analyzer (MNCHIP, Tianjin, China). Trans-epidermal water loss (TWEL) was measured by TEWL tewameter (TM300) (Cologne, Germany). Skin hydration, and skin elasticity were evaluated by Imate Skin Moisture Tester (M − 6602). Scratch wound-healing assay was carried out by fluorescence inverted microscope (Olympus IX73P2F). Mass spectrometry was performed by Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Agilent 1290 uplc and Agilent qtof 6550). Confocal microscopy images were recorded on a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) (Nikon C1-si TE2000). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were provided by Multi Science.