The following
techniques were used to characterize the rGO and rGO@ZnO nanocomposite
catalysts. Thermal degradation was carried out using Shimazdu TGA-50.
A Rigaku (Tokyo, Japan) Smart Lab X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with
Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) was
used to determine the crystalline nature and to confirm the phase.
The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were
performed in the 4000–400 cm–1 range with
a KBr pellet method on a Bruker Vertex 70 (Germany) at room temperature.
A Quantachrome Nova 2200E-BET (surface area analyzer) was used to
determine the pore size distribution and surface area. A JEOL (Tokyo,
Japan)-JCM-6000 Plus scanning electron microscope (SEM) and JEOL-JEM-2100
transmission electron microscope (TEM) were utilized to observe the
morphological features, particle size, and structural parameters of
β-SnWO4 nanoparticles. A JEOL-JED-2200 series energy dispersive
X-ray spectrometer (EDX) was utilized for elemental composition determination
of the prepared samples at room temperature.
techniques were used to characterize the rGO and rGO@ZnO nanocomposite
catalysts. Thermal degradation was carried out using Shimazdu TGA-50.
A Rigaku (Tokyo, Japan) Smart Lab X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with
Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) was
used to determine the crystalline nature and to confirm the phase.
The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were
performed in the 4000–400 cm–1 range with
a KBr pellet method on a Bruker Vertex 70 (Germany) at room temperature.
A Quantachrome Nova 2200E-BET (surface area analyzer) was used to
determine the pore size distribution and surface area. A JEOL (Tokyo,
Japan)-JCM-6000 Plus scanning electron microscope (SEM) and JEOL-JEM-2100
transmission electron microscope (TEM) were utilized to observe the
morphological features, particle size, and structural parameters of
β-SnWO4 nanoparticles. A JEOL-JED-2200 series energy dispersive
X-ray spectrometer (EDX) was utilized for elemental composition determination
of the prepared samples at room temperature.