Two different ESBL/AmpC detection disc sets have been used to confirm ESBL/AmpC phenotypes. The first set is a combination of 4 individual discs of Cefotaxime/ Cefotaxime + Clavulanic acid/ Ceftazidime/ Ceftazidime + Clavulanic acid, purchased from either BD BBL TM or Oxoid company. The second set is a combination of 4 individual discs of Cefpodoxime/ Cefpodoxime + ESBL inhibitor/ Cefpodoxime + AmpC inhibitor/ Cefpodoxime + ESBL inhibitor + AmpC inhibitor, purchased from Mast Group company (D68C set).
In addition, AmpC and ESBL β-lactamase genes were detected using PCR assays. A total of three AmpC (bla CMY-2 , bla FOX , bla ACT-1/MIR-1 ) and ten ESBL (bla TEM , bla SHV bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M- positive isolates. Primers used in the PCR assays are listed in Table 6.
The MDR E. coli and Salmonella were selected for further experiments after being confirmed to exhibit ESBL/AmpC phenotypes.
In addition, AmpC and ESBL β-lactamase genes were detected using PCR assays. A total of three AmpC (bla CMY-2 , bla FOX , bla ACT-1/MIR-1 ) and ten ESBL (bla TEM , bla SHV bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M- positive isolates. Primers used in the PCR assays are listed in Table 6.
The MDR E. coli and Salmonella were selected for further experiments after being confirmed to exhibit ESBL/AmpC phenotypes.