Brain heart infusion

Oolong tea leaves (Utonrousousuisen) were purchased from the Banboo Cakan Chinese tea ceremony (Kochi, Japan). d(−)-Mannitol was purchased in its β crystalline form from Merck Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC) (mean particle size, 45 µm; hydroxyepoxy group, NBD-020) was supplied by Shin-etsu Chemical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Kollidon® 25) was obtained from BASF Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Gum arabic (Gum arabic HP powder), carrageenan (Sheepy gum® FA), guar gum (Guar pack® PF-20), tamarind gum (Glyroid® 6C), and pectin (H&F pectin classic AF701) were purchased from DSP Gokyo Food and Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Yeast nitrogen base without amino acids was purchased from Nippon Becton Dickinson Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Glucose, ammonium sulfate, polypeptone S, and monopotassium phosphate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd (Osaka, Japan). Brain heart infusion was purchased from Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All other reagents used were of the highest grade available from commercial sources.

Chitosan (Chitosan LL, deacetylation: 80%, weight average molecular weight: 50–100 kDa) was purchased from Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry (Shizuoka, Japan). Lactobionic acid, N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), and SPS were purchased from Wako (Tokyo, Japan). Ru(bpy)₃·Cl₂·6H₂O, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (HPP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States of America (USA)), Peptide Institute (Osaka, Japan), and Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Yatalase, with complex lytic activities of fungal cell, mainly consisting of chitinase and chitobiase activities, from Corynebacterium sp. OZ-21, was obtained from Takara Bio (Shiga, Japan). Escherichia coli OP50 was cultured in LB medium containing 0.5%(w/v) NaCl, 1%(w/v) bacto tryptone (Becton Dickinson and Company, Flanklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and bacto yeast extract (Becton Dickinson and Company). For culturing E. coli on an agar plate, LB medium containing 1.5%(w/v) agar was used. Staphylococcus aureus was extracted from facial skin as described in the literature [25 (link)] and cultured in BHI medium containing 3.5%(w/v) brain heart infusion (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan). For culturing S. aureus on an agar plate, BHI medium containing 1.5%(w/v) agar was used.